Venoms of the Hymenoptera (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Venoms of the Hymenoptera: Biochemical, Pharmacological 
4 
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Contributors 10
Preface 12
Chapter 1. Historical Introduction 14
Text 14
REFERENCES 26
Chapter 2. Morphology of the Venom Apparatus 30
I. MORPHOLOGY OF THE CUTICULAR PARTS 30
II. MORPHOLOGY OF THE GLANDULAR PARTS 33
III. STRUCTURE AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF VENOM GLANDS 40
REFERENCES 54
Chapter 3. Methods for the Collection of Venoms 58
I. INTRODUCTION 58
II. BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE METHODS OF VENOM COLLECTION 61
III. CONCLUSIONS 72
REFERENCES 72
Chapter 4. Stinging Behaviour of Solitary Wasps 76
I. INTRODUCTION 76
II. OBSERVATIONS ON STINGING IN SELECTED GROUPS OF WASPS 79
III. ANALYSIS OF STINGING CHARACTERISTICS, EFFECTS AND CONTEXTS: PROXIMATE FACTORS 147
IV. DIVERSITY OF WASP-PREY SYSTEMS, SELECTION PRESSURES: ULTIMATE FACTORS 153
V. CONCLUSION 160
REFERENCES 160
Chapter 5. Chemistry and Pharmacology of Solitary Wasp Venoms 174
I. INTRODUCTION 174
II. DIVERSITY OF SOLITARY WASP VENOMS 175
III. PHARMACOLOGY OF SOLITARY WASP VENOMS 243
IV. CONCLUSION 300
Chapter 6. Pharmacological Biochemistry of Vespid Venoms 322
I. INTRODUCTION 322
II. ACTIVE AMINES IN VESPID VENOMS 323
III. PAIN-PRODUCING PEPTIDES (WASP KININS) 325
IV. HISTAMINE-RELEASING PEPTIDES (MASTOPARANS) 328
V. VESPID CHEMOTACTIC PEPTIDES 330
VI. ALLERGENS 332
VII. NEUROTOXINS 334
VIII. CONCLUSION 337
REFERENCES 337
Chapter 7. Chemistry and Pharmacology of Honey-bee Venom 342
I. INTRODUCTION 343
II. SOURCES OF VENOM AND METHODS OF COLLECTION 345
III. ISOLATION OF INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS 347
IV. ENZYMES 349
V. PEPTIDE COMPONENTS 362
VI. NONPEPTIDE COMPONENTS OF LOW MOLECULAR MASS 412
VII. CONCLUSION 415
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 416
REFERENCES 416
Chapter 8. Venoms of Bumble-bees and Carpenter-bees 430
I. INTRODUCTION 430
II. BUMBLE-BEE VENOMS 430
III. CARPENTER-BEE VENOM 435
REFERENCES 437
Chapter 9. Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Chemical Ecology of Ant Venoms 438
I. THE CHEMICAL AND TOXINOLOGICAL WORLD OF ANTS 438
II. TAXONOMY 439
III. BIOLOGICAL ROLES OF ANT VENOMS 441
IV. ANT VENOM COLLECTION AND PURITY 454
V. VENOM BIOCHEMISTRY AND CHEMISTRY 455
VI. PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ANT VENOMS 491
VII. POTENTIAL PHARMACOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL USES OF VENOMS 506
VIII. A CAVEAT: ANT VENOMS AND PEOPLE 507
IX. ANTS: VENOM CHEMISTS AND TOXINOLOGISTS PAR EXCELLENCE 510
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 511
REFERENCES 511
Chapter 10. Allergy to Hymenoptera Venoms 522
I. HUMANS AND HYMENOPTERA VENOMS 522
II. STINGS AND STATISTICS 523
III. PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS 529
IV. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES 531
V. MEDICAL CAUSES OF VENOM ALLERGY 534
VI. BIOCHEMISTRY OF VENOM ALLERGENS 535
VII. CROSS-REACTIVITY BETWEEN TAXA 537
VIII. REACTIONS TO HYMENOPTERA STINGS AND CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF VENOM HYPERSENSITIVITY 540
IX. TREATMENT OF HYPERSENSITIVITY PROBLEMS 546
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 551
REFERENCES 552
Index 560