Pharmacology of Conditioning, Learning and Retention (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Pharmacology of Conditioning, Learning and Retention 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
List of Authors 10
Opening Address 14
Background of the Second International Pharmacological Meeting 18
Reference 20
PREFACE 22
PART 1: GENERAL PROBLEMS 24
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 26
REFERENCES 29
CHAPTER 2. PAVLOV'S METHOD OF CONDITIONED REFLEXES IN PHARMACOLOGY 30
REFERENCES 39
CHAPTER 3. SITUATION LIBRE ET PSYCHOTROPES 40
I. Définition de la situation libre 41
II. Animaux utilisés 42
III. Bases théoriques de l étude du comportement en situation libre 44
IV. Action des substances psychotropes en fonction de la situation choisie et de la méthode de quantification 48
V. Possibilités de recherches dans le futur — Conclusions 54
REMERCIEMENT 58
TRAVAUX CONSULTÉS 58
CHAPTER 4. THE SPONTANEOUS EXPLORATORY REACTIONS AS A TOOL FOR PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES. A CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS A THEORY OF CONTRADICTORY RESULTS IN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 62
REFERENCES 77
CHAPTER 5. RESEARCH ON THE PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS USING THE EXPLORATORY REACTION METHOD IN RATS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF EXCITABILITY 82
METHOD 82
RESULTS 84
DISCUSSION 86
SUMMARY 88
REFERENCES 88
CHAPTER 6. PHARMACOLOGY OF INSTRUMENTAL AVOIDANCE CONDITIONING 90
CONCLUSIONS 102
REFERENCES 102
CHAPTER 7. PHARMACOLOGY OF POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT AND DISCRIMINATION 106
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 110
REFERENCES 110
DISCUSSION 111
CHAPTER 8. L'APPRENTISSAGE INITIAL: MÉTHODE D'ÉTUDE DES AGENTS PSYCHOTROPES 114
TECHNIQUES 115
APPLICATION À L'ÉTUDE D'AGENTS PHARMACOLOGIQUES 119
EFFETS DE LA CHLORPROMAZINE 121
EFFETS DE LA MORPHINE 127
CONCLUSIONS GÉNÉRALES 134
RÉSUMÉ 136
SUMMARY 137
REMERCIEMENT 138
TRAVAUX CONSULTÉS 139
CHAPTER 9. SOME OBSERVATIONS ON ACUTE LEARNINGIN RATS AND MICE 142
REFERENCES 145
CHAPTER 10. SUMMING UP BY CHAIRMAN 146
CHAPTER 11. PHARMACOLOGY OF SPONTANEOUS AND CONDITIONED BEHAVIOR IN THE MONKEY 148
MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY 149
RESULTS 152
SUMMARY 166
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 167
REFERENCES 167
DISCUSSION 169
CHAPTER 12. SOME FACTORS INFLUENCING SHORT-TERM MEMORY 172
THE DELAYED RESPONSE TEST 173
STUDIES OF DELAYED RESPONSE IN OUR LABORATORY 175
SHORT-TERM MEMORY IN RATS 178
DELAYED RESPONSE AND FORGETTING 181
ATTEMPTS TO INTERFERE WITH TRACES OF KNOWN AGE 181
CONSOLIDATION OF TRACES 183
EFFECT OF THIOPENTAL UPON HUMAN MEMORY 189
BRAIN COOLING IN MEMORY 190
REFERENCES 190
DISCUSSION 192
CHAPTER 13. EXPERIMENTAL NEUROSIS AS A METHOD OF SCREENING OF PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS 196
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROSIS BASED ON CLASSICAL CONDITIONING EXPERIMENTS 196
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROSIS BASED ON OPERANT CONDITIONING EXPERIMENTS 198
THE SCREENING PROCEDURE 198
DISCUSSION 204
REFERENCES 206
DISCUSSION 207
CHAPTER 14. PHARMACOLOGY OF THE MULTIPLE CONCURRENT MOTIVATIONS 210
REFERENCES 218
CHAPTER 15. AMPHETAMINE-INDUCED CHANGES IN BEHAVIOR OF SMALL LABORATORY ANIMALS AS SIMPLE TESTS FOR EVALUATION OF CENTRAL EFFECTS OF NEW DRUGS 220
I. ENHANCEMENT OF THE BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF AMPHETAMINE 221
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 228
REFERENCES 228
DISCUSSION 229
CHAPTER 16. CONTRIBUTION TO TECHNICAL PROBLEMS OF VARIABILITY CONTROL IN THE STUDY OF HIGHER NERVOUS FUNCTIONS IN PHARMACOLOGY 232
REFERENCE 234
CHAPTER 17. THE SPECIFIC ACTIVATION OF THE CNS AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH 236
CHARACTERISTIC CHANGES IN THE BEHAVIOUR CONNECTED WITH A SPECIFIC ACTIVATION OF THE CNS 236
CHARACTERISTIC CHANGES IN THE EEG AROUSAL REACTION CONNECTED WITH A SPECIFIC ACTIVATION OF THE CNS 238
CHARACTERISTIC CHANGES IN THE PHARMACOLOGICAL SENSITIVITY OF THE CNS CONNECTED WITH A SPECIFIC ACTIVATION 238
SUMMARY 244
REFERENCES 244
DISCUSSION 245
CHAPTER 18. A METHOD FOR DEMONSTRATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SEROTONIN ON LEARNING ABILITY 246
REFERENCE 251
DISCUSSION 251
CHAPTER 19. A METHOD FOR STUDYING THE EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON RECENT MEMORY IN ANIMALS 252
MATERIALS AND METHODS 253
RESULTS 254
DISCUSSION 258
REFERENCES 259
DISCUSSION 260
CHAPTER 20. CONCLUSION DU MEETING 262
PART 2: ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA OF CONDITIONING 264
CHAPTER 21. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 266
CHAPTER 22. ACTIVITÉ ÉLECTROCORTICALE AU COURS DE L'APPRENTISSAGE INSTRUMENTAL D'APPROCHE. SES VARIATIONS SOUS L'EFFET D'AGENTS PHARMACOLOGIQUES 268
INTRODUCTION 268
CORRÉLATIONS ÉLECTROGRAPHIQUES DANS LE CONDITIONNEMENT D'APPROCHE 269
ÉTUDES PHARMACOLOGIQUES 272
DISCUSSION 279
REMERCIEMENT 281
TRAVAUX CONSULTÉS 281
CHAPTER 23. ELECTROCORTICAL CORRELATES OF AVOIDANCE CONDITIONING IN THE MONKEY AND THEIR MODIFICATIONS WITH ATROPINE AND AMPHETAMINE 284
MATERIAL AND METHODS 286
RESULTS 287
DISCUSSION 295
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 297
REFERENCES 298
DISCUSSION 299
CHAPTER 24. COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF HIPPOCAMPAL EEG ACTIVITY AND IMPEDANCE IN APPROACH LEARNING: EFFECTS OF PSYCHOTOMIMETIC AND HALLUCINOGENIC DRUGS 302
METHODS 303
RESULTS 305
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 329
REFERENCES 329
DISCUSSION 330
CHAPTER 25. INSTRUMENTAL REWARD DISCRIMINATION IN RABBITS. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF A SERIES OF LYSERGIC ACID DERIVATIVES 334
METHODS 335
RESULTS 335
SUMMARY 339
REFERENCES 340
CHAPTER 26. THE INFLUENCE OF NEUROTROPIC DRUGS UPON VARIOUS TYPES OF DIENCEPHALIC BEHAVIOURAL REACTIONS IN RELATION TO INTENSITY AND LOCALIZATION OF THE STIMULI 342
REFERENCES 352
CHAPTER 27. BIOELECTRICAL PHENOMENA EVOKED BY RHYTHMICAL STIMULI DURING CONDITIONING AND DIFFERENTIATION. A PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY 354
REFERENCES 363
CHAPTER 28. EFFECT OF PHARMACOLOGICALLY INDUCED SYNCHRONIZATION OF CORTICAL OR HIPPOCAMPAL ACTIVITY ON LEARNING IN RATS 366
REFERENCES 369
DISCUSSION 369
INDEX 372