Antibiotics (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Antibiotics: Origin, Nature and Properties 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
CONTENTS OF VOLUME II 14
FOREWORD 20
INTRODUCTION 22
PRINCIPLES OF CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIBIOTICS 29
PART I: ANTIBIOTICS PRODUCED BY MICRO-ORGANISMS OF THE ORDER EUBACTERIALES 30
CHAPTER A. ANTIBIOTICS ISOLATED FROM THE GENUS PSEUDOMONAS (PSEUDOMONADACEAE) 30
Pyocyanine 30
Hemipyocyanine 33
Antibiotic Px 34
Chlororaphin 35
Antibiotic substances from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 36
Pyoluteorin 37
Comirin 38
Pyolipic acid 40
Pyocyanase 40
Pyoklastin 41
Viscosin 41
CHAPTER B. ANTIBIOTICS ISOLATED FROM THE GENUS MICROCOCCUS (MICROCOCCACEAE), STREPTOCOCCUS, DIPLOCOCCUS (LACTOBACTERIACEAE), CHROMOBACTERIUM, ESCHERICHIA AND PROTEUS(ENTEROBACTERIACEAE) 42
Micrococcin 42
Nisin 47
Diplococcin 51
Streptostasin 52
Diplomycin 52
Mycobactocidin 52
Lactobacillin 54
Prodigiosin 54
Iodinin 58
Violacein 59
Marcescin 61
Xerosin 61
Coliformin 62
Colicines 63
Protaptins 67
Antibiotic from Escherichia coli 68
Toxoflavin 68
CHAPTER C. ANTIBIOTICS ISOLATED FROM THE GENUS BACILLUS (BACILLACEAE) 69
Gramicidin S 69
Gramicidin, Tyrocidine, Tyrothricin 81
Gramicidin J 97
Bacitracin, syn. Ayfivin 99
Subtilin 109
Licheniformins 116
Polymyxins—Aerosporin, Bacillosporin, Circulins 119
Colistin, syn. Colimycin 136
Alvein 139
Bacilipin, Bacilysin 140
Bacillin 141
Globicin 142
Brevin 143
Brevolin 144
Bacimethrin 146
Edein 147
Antifungal antibiotics produced by micro-organisms of genus Bacillus 149
Bacillomyxin 150
Bacillomycin 150
Antifungal antibiotics from Bacillus subtilis 152
Fungocin 153
Eumycin 153
Toximycin 154
Antifungal agents from Bacillus subtilis 154
Datemycin 156
Fungistatin, syn. Antibiotic XG 156
Mycosubtilin 157
Rhizobacidin 158
Simplexin 159
Polypeptin 159
Laterosporins 160
Fluvomycin, syn. Efsiomycin, Vivicil, Riomycin 162
Cerein 163
Tetaine 164
Pumilin 166
Subtenolin 167
Megacine 169
Xanthellin 170
Esperin 171
Iturine 171
Neocidin 172
Obutin 172
Biocerin 172
Endosubtilysine 173
Colistatin 173
Subtilysine, Analysine 174
Mycobacillin 175
Petrin 176
Nigrin 178
Antibacterial substance produced by Bacillus natto 178
Trypanotoxin 178
Polysaccharidases 179
Antibiotic substances from Myxococcaceae 180
PART II: ANTIBIOTICS PRODUCED BY MICRO-ORGANISMS OF THE ORDER ACTINOMYCETALES 181
CHAPTER A. MACROLIDES 181
Picromycin 181
Argomycin 183
Methymycin 184
Neomethymycin 188
Amaromycin 190
Narbomycin 191
Oleandomycin, syn. Antibiotic 
194 
Erythromycin, syn. Ilotycin 197
Magnamycin, syn. Carbomycin, Antibiotic M-4209 214
Spiramycin, syn. Foromacidin, Rovamycin 223
Angolamycin 225
Lankamycin and Lankacidin 226
Chalcomycin, syn. Miconomycin 229
Substance 446 232
Mesenterin 233
Griseomycin, syn. Lomycin 235
Miamycin 238
Albomycetin 239
Leucomycin 241
Tertiomycin 244
Macrolide-type antibiotics: PA-108, PA-133A, PA-133B and PA-148 248
Tertiomycin 250
Macrocin 253
Proactinomycins 255
Acumycin 257
Cirramycin 258
CHAPTER B. ANTIBIOTICS ACTIVE AGAINST GRAM-POSITIVE MICRO-ORGANISMS 260
Granaticin 260
Novobiocin, syn. Cathomycin, Cathocin, Streptonivicin, Albamycin, Antibiotic P.A. 93, Cardelmycin 261
Rifamycins 271
Amicetin, syn. Sacromycin, Allomycin 289
Amicetin . 294
Bamicetin 295
Plicacetin 297
Actinorhodin 298
Thermorubin 300
Antibiotic BA-6903 302
Indolmycin, syn. Antibiotic PA-155 A 303
Althiomycin 304
Teomycic acid 307
Totomycin 308
Nitrosporin 309
Ramnacin 309
Resistomycin 310
Exfoliatin 311
Sulfactin 312
Celesticetin 313
Lincomycin 317
Proceomycin 319
Aureolic acid 321
Monazomycin 322
Aburamycin 324
Antibiotic . 5-18903 325
Antibiotic 24-10 326
Nocardianin 327
Rubidin 328
Julymycin B-I I 329
Rubromycin 331
Sarcidin 331
Bundlins A and . 332
Pulvomycin 334
Vancomycin 335
Frenolicin 338
Antibiotic K-288 339
Thermoviridin 340
Actiduins 341
Ristocetin, syn. Spontin 341
Vinacetin 344
Antibiotic L. A . 7017 345
Monamycin 347
Erigrisin 347
Elaiophylin 348
Melanosporin 349
Antibiotic SKCC 1377 349
Antibiotic J4 350
Antibiotic 1943 350
Bandamycin 351
Actinoidin 353
Cladomycin 354
Actinomycelin 355
Coelicolorin 355
Collinomycin 355
Fuscomycin 356
Antibiotic A 116 356
Streptin 357
Thermomycin 358
Antibiotic 19 A 358
Sax 10 substance 359
Antibiotic from Streptomyces sp. 340 360
Raisnomycin 360
Antibiotic 721 361
Microsin 361
Antibiotic . 125a 362
Mycetin 362
Phthiocol 363
CHAPTER C. POLYPEPTIDE ANTIBIOTICS 364
Echinomycin 364
Quinomycins 366
Bottromycin 369
Griseoviridin and Viridogrisein, syn. Etamycin 372
Valinomycin 377
Leucopeptin 380
Amidomycin 381
Sideromycins 382
Succinimycin 387
Nocardamine 389
Grisein 390
Albomycin 392
Danomycin 396
Antibiotic LA 5352 and LA 5937 398
Staphylomycin, syn. Antibiotic 899, Virginiamycin 399
Streptogramin 401
Mikamycins 403
Antibiotic PA 114 407
Ostreogricin, syn. Antibiotic E-129 410
Pristinamycin, syn. Antibiotic 7293 R.P., Pyostacin 412
Duramycin 413
Telomycin 415
Crystallomycin 418
Amphomycin 420
Stendomycin 422
Zaomycin 425
Aspartocin 426
Glumamycin 428
Cinnamycin 430
Thiostrepton 431
Siomycin 435
Bryamycin 436
Substance A-59 and A-59 B 438
Viomycin 440
Capreomycin, syn. Capromycin 444
Ilamycins 447
Rufomycins 450
Vinactins 450
Actinogan 451
Peptimycin 452
Antibiotic 1415 453
Cranomycin 454
Phytoactin and Phytostreptin 455
Phleomycin 456
Antibiotic from Actinomyces 1-21 459
Antibiotic from Actinomyces strain 300 460
Evericin 461
Aminomycin 461
Antibiotic from Streptomyces sp.(Sackmann) 461
Antibiotic 6613 462
Micromonosporin 463
Antibiotic X-5079C 463
Actinomycetin 465
Geminimycin 467
Grizin, syn. Grizemin, Antibiotic lEM I 468
Mycomycetin 469
Lysozyme of Actinomycetes 470
Antibiotic BU 306 470
Antibiotic BU 271 471
CHAPTER D. THE BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS 471
Chloramphenicol, syn. Chloromycetin 471
Tetracyclines 481
Chlortetracycline, syn. Aureomycin, Duomycin 487
Oxytetracycline, syn. Terramycin 492
Tetracycline, syn. Achromycin, Terracin 500
Tetracycline derivatives 503
Synthesis of tetracyclines 518
Biosynthesis of tetracyclines 521
Chelocardin 534
Rhodomycins 536
Cinerubins 541
Pyrromycin 543
Rutilantin 546
Quinocyclines 548
Streptomycin 552
Hydroxystreptomycin, syn. Reticulin 563
Antibiotic U-12898, syn. Bluensomycin 564
Glebomycin 567
Trehalosamine 569
Hygromycin 570
Hygromycin . 575
Homomycin 575
Antibiotic 1703–18 . 577
Actinospectacin 579
Streptothricin 582
Antibiotic A 4788 589
Streptohn 590
Geomycin 594
Roseothricin 596
Racemomycins 597
Lavendulin 598
Actinorubin 601
Pleocidin 603
Amycin 604
Polymycin 606
Mycothricin 607
Antibiotic 587/13 608
Antibiotic A 20 608
Antibiotic Ax 18 609
Antibiotic 136 610
Antibiotic 156 610
Phytobacteriomycin 611
Antibiotic EL5 611
Neomycins 612
Paromomycin, syn. Humatin 629
Monomycin 633
Zygomycins 635
Kanamycins 639
Eurymycin 648
Colimycin 651
Antibiotic 956 652
Antibiotic from Streptomyces sp.(Mukherjee) 653
Roseomycin 653
Novomycin 654
Flavomycin 654
Soframycin, syn. Framycetin 655
Antibiotic A 6 656
Mycerin 656
Dextromycin 657
Catenulin 657
Aminosidin, syn. Crestomycin, Antibiotic 1600, Antibiotic F. I. 5853, Farmiglucin 658
Hydroxymycin, syn. Antibiotic 4915 660
Antibiotic GB/229 662
Antibiotic Ac 3 663
Azomycin 663
Antibiotic HA-9 665
Thiolutin 667
Isobutyrylpyrrothine 670
Aureothricin 672
Holomycin 674
1,6-Dihydroxyphenazine 675
N-Acetyltyramine 676
Thioaurin 676
Thiomycin 678
Pleomycin 679
Griseolutein 680
Chartreusin 684
Primycin 688
Mycospocidin 689
Litmocidin 690
Mycorhodin 692
Luteomycin 694
Xanthomycins 695
Levomycin 698
Streptozotocin 700
Ractinomycin 702
Streptolydigin 704
Azalomycins . and F 706
Nigericin 707
Cyanomycin 708
Matamycin 709
Violacetin 711
Xanthothricin 712
Emimycin 714
Antibiotic from Streptomyces tanashiensis 715
Ruticin 716
Streptocardin 718
Rhodocidin 719
Flaveolin 721
Antibiotic from Streptomyces sp.(Rolland) 722
Antibiotic 10 CM 723
Antibiotic from Actinomyces flavus strain 724
Antibiotics from Streptomyces sp.1900-IAUR 724
Phalamycin 725
Actinonin 727
Speciomycin 727
Miramycin 728
Enteromycin 729
Fluorin 729
Griseococcin 730
Gougerotin 731
Longisporin 732
Monamycin 732
Microcins 733
Actinolysin 733
Primocarcin 734
Nocardorubin 735
Neonocardin 736
CHAPTER E. ANTIBIOTICS ACTIVE AGAINST ACID-FAST BACILLI 737
Acetomycin 737
Cycloserine, syn. Seromycin, Oxamycin, Antibiotic P.A. 94, Orientomycin, D-4-Amino-3-Isoxazolidone 740
O-Carbamyl-D-serine 750
Actithiazic acid, syn. Mycobacidin, Acidomycin 750
Elaiomycin 757
Mycomycin, Isomycomycin 759
Antibiotic HON 761
Tubermycins 763
Tuberin 764
Bovinocidin 766
Tubercidin 767
Angustmycins 768
Psicofuranine 772
Antitumour antibiotic from Helminthosporium 776
Grisamine 776
Pyridomycin, syn. Antituberculous antibiotic 777
Streptovaricin, syn. Dalacin 780
Griseoflavin 783
Antibiotic WR 3/17 784
Antibiotic D-13 785
Anti-phlei factor 786
Anti-smegmatis factor 786
Phthiomycin 787
Antituberculous substance from Streptomyces strain 788
Nocardin 789
Globisporin 789
Antibiotics of Mycobacteria 789
CHAPTER F. ANTIFUNGAL ANTIBIOTICS (POLYENES) 790
Tetraene antibiotics 791
Fungicidin, syn. Nystatin, Mycostatin 791
Pimaricin 796
Tennecetin 798
Antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces 3569, syn. Antimycoin 801
Rimocidin 801
Chromin 802
Protocidine 803
Antifungal antibiotic from a strain of Streptomyces sp. Ac2435 804
Tetrin 805
Lucensomycin, syn. Etruscomycin, Antibiotic 1163 F.I. 806
Sistomycosin 807
Antifungal antibiotics J4 A and J4 . 808
Antifungal antibiotic 7071 R.P. 809
Antibiotic PA 86 810
Albofungin 810
Antifungal antibiotic PA 166 812
Unamycins 813
Pentaene antibiotics 815
Eurocidin 815
Fungichromin, Fungichromatin 816
Filipin 819
Antibiotic A 246, syn. Lagosin 820
Pentamycin 821
Moldcidins 823
Cabicidine 825
Capacidin 825
Aliomycin 825
Antifungal antibiotic PA 153 826
Antifungal antibiotic A 228 827
Hexaene antibiotic 828
Cryptocidin 828
Mediocidin 829
Fradicin 830
Mycelin-imo 831
Antifungal antibiotic 1587-Z 2 832
Flavacid 832
Endomycin 833
Helixins 834
Substance D 835
Heptaene antibiotics 836
Amphotericin 836
Candidin, Candidinin, Candidoin 841
Candimycin 845
Candicidin 845
Ascosin 846
Trichomycin 848
Perimycin, syn. Antibiotic 1968, Antibiotic NC-1968 850
Hamycin 853
Antibiotic 26/1, syn. Levorin 855
Antibiotic 757 857
Antibiotic F-17-C 858
Antifungal antibiotic AYF 859
Antifungal antibiotic 1645 861
Antifungal antibiotic PA 150 863
Ayfactin 864
Aureofacin 865
Antifungal antibiotics from Streptomyces sp. 1033 and 1038 866
Grubilin 866
Antifungal antibiotic 867
CHAPTER G. ANTIFUNGAL (NON-POLYENE) ANTIBIOTICS 867
Cycloheximide, syn. Actidione 867
Viractin 873
Protomycin 874
Antitumour substance E-73 876
Streptovitacins 879
Inactone and Isoactidiones 882
Actiphenol 884
Streptimidone 885
Niromycins 888
Naramycin 889
Niger factor 890
Nonactin 891
Antibiotic FH 3582, syn. Werramycin 893
Antibiotic SQ 15859 895
Antimycin, syn. Antibiotic 720 A,Virosin, Antipiricullin, Antibiotic from Streptomyces kitazawaensis 897
Blastmycin 903
Toyocamycin 907
Vengicid 909
Fermicidin 909
Ascomycin 910
Hygroscopin 911
Monilin 912
Antibiotic PA 132 912
Mycoticin 914
Cerevioccidin 916
Anthelmycin 917
Mycolutein 919
Oligomycin 920
Antibiotic A 272 923
Venturicidin 925
Antibiotics from Streptomyces X 206, X 464 and X 537 A 927
Humidin 928
Hygrostatin 929
Lustericin 930
Dermostatin 931
Musarin 932
Eumycetin 934
Blasticidins 935
Blasticidin S 936
Pathocidin 941
Septacidin 942
Cytomycin 943
Cellostatin 943
Flavensomycin 944
Alomycin 945
Eulicin 946
Seligocidin 949
Alboverticillin 950
Flavofungin 951
Xanthicin 953
Antifungal substance from a Streptomycete (Thirumalachar) 953
Cacaomycetin 954
Moldin 954
Actinon 955
Camphomycin 955
Mycelin 956
Mycerin (Arai) 956
Phaeophacin 957
Rotaventin 957
Antibiotic . 74 958
Bulging factor 959
Antibiotic P-9 960
Antifungal antibiotic S-39 960
Antibiotic A 67 961
Antibiotic 30-10 961
Vulgarin 962
Amylocyanin 962
CHAPTER H. ANTIBIOTICS ACTIVE AGAINST PROTOZOA 962
Puromycin, syn. Stylomycin 962
Netropsin, syn. Sinanomycin, Congocidine, Antibiotic 1142, Antibiotic T-1384 970
Distamycin A 974
Antibiotic 2814 A, 2814 P, 2814 . 975
Antibiotic lA 887 976
Nucleocidin 977
Anisomycin, syn. Flagecidin 979
Borrelidin 981
Antitoxoplasmic substance No. 534 982
Streptocin 984
Antibiotic 7.080 R.P. 985
Antibiotic X-948 986
Antibiotic X-1008 988
Antibiotic PA 128 988
Ascaricidin 989
CHAPTER I. ANTIBIOTICS ACTIVE AGAINST PLANT AND ANIMAL VIRUSES 990
Nybomycin 990
Myxoviromycin 993
Amidinomycin 994
Chrysomycin 996
Aklavin 998
Phagolessin A-58 999
Phagostatin 1002
Phagomycin 1003
Phagocidin 1004
Grasseriomycin 1006
Abikoviromycin, syn. Latumcidin 1007
Achromoviromycin 1009
Ehrlichin 1009
Antibiotic . 300 1010
Heliomycin 1010
Cerulomycin 1011
Antibiotic F 43 1012
Antibiotic 1-81d-Is 1013
Flavocidin 1014
Virocidin 1014
Antibiotics from Actinomyces 1212 and 452-7 1016
Antibiotic F 416 1016
Cephalomycin 1017
Virusin 1609 1018
Luridin 1019
Antibiotic F 256 1019
Violarin 1020
Antivirubin 1021
Antiviral agent from Nocardia formica 1021
Cardicin 1023
CHAPTER J. ANTIBIOTICS WITH ANTITUMOUR ACTIVITY 1025
Azaserine 1025
6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, syn. DON 1031
Diazomycins, syn. Duazomycins 1034
Sarkomycin 1036
Actinomycins 1046
lyomycin 1085
Actinoleukin 1088
Questiomycins A and . 1090
Mitomycin 1092
Labilomycin 1103
Formycin 1105
Olivomycin 1106
Ayamycin 1108
Mitiromycin 1110
Porfiromycin 1111
Roseolic acid 1114
Cellocidin 1115
Antitumour substance from Streptomyces sp. 1418 1116
Pillaromycin 1117
Antibiotic 6270 1119
Alazopeptin 1120
Substance 289 1122
Pluramycin 1123
Taitomycin 1125
Melanomycin 1126
Gancidin 1127
Antibiotic BA-180265 1130
Carzinophilin 1131
Streptonigrin 1134
Minomycin 1135
Sulfocidin 1136
Sparsomycin 1138
Desertomycin 1141
Actinobolin 1141
Carzinocidin 1144
Mutomycin 1146
Cervicarcin 1147
Daunomycin, Rubidomycin 1148
Chromomycins 1150
Aurantin 1152
Actinoxanthin 1153
Enomycin 1154
Pactamycin 1155
Caryomycin 1158
Carzinostatin 1158
Raromycin 1159
Antitumour antibiotic from Streptomyces sp. 1683 1160
Antitumour antibiotic M-770 1161
Actinoflocin 1162
Triostins 1162
Actinin, syn. Mycetin 1163
Marinamycin 1164
Showdomycin 1164