Progress in Chemical Toxicology (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Progress in Chemical Toxicology 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
CONTRIBUTORS 6
PREFACE 8
CHAPTER 1. ISOLATION AND SEPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF POISONS 14
I. Acetone Extraction of Organic Substances 14
II. Separation of Alkaloids from Tissue 15
III. Two-Stage Extraction 18
References 22
CHAPTER 2. APPLICATION OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY TO TOXICOLOGY 24
I. Introduction 24
II. Columns 25
III. Detectors 31
IV. Carrier Gas 34
V. Sample 34
VI. Chromatogram Records 35
VII. Basic Theory 36
VIII. Analytical Procedures 38
References 63
CHAPTER 3. ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLS 66
I. Introduction 67
II. "Endogenous" Alcohol 67
III. Absorption of Alcohol 70
IV. Distribution of Absorbed Alcohol 73
V. Fate of Body Alcohol 82
VI. Pharmacological and Toxicological Effects 95
VII. Abnormal Changes in Alcohol Level 112
VIII. Medicolegal Interpretation of Blood Alcohol Level 118
IX. Analytical Methods for Body Alcohol 120
X. Investigations of the Accuracy of Analytical Methods 130
XI. Other Aliphatic Alcohols 135
References 138
CHAPTER 4. ACIDIC AND NEUTRAL POISONS 148
I. Introduction 148
II. Isolation Procedures 149
III. Purification Procedures 151
IV. Identification 155
V. Analyses for Specific Poisons 157
VI. General Toxicology 162
VII. Conclusions 164
References 165
CHAPTER 5. ATARAXICS AND NONBARBITURATE SEDATIVES 170
I. Introduction 171
II. Derivatives of Phenothiazine 171
III. d-Propoxyphene 185
IV. Chlordiazepoxide 186
V. Glutethimide 187
VI. Hydroxyzine 189
VII. Methapyrilene 190
VIII. Ethchlorvynol 191
IX. Methyprylon 193
X. Ethinamate 194
XI. Phenaglycodol 195
XII. Captodiamine 196
XIII. Imipramine 198
References 200
CHAPTER 6. THE DETERMINATION OF ANTIARTHRITICS, ANTIHISAMINES, AND THYMOLEPTICS 204
I. Antiarthritics 204
II. Antihistamines 206
III. Thymoleptics 207
References 210
CHAPTER 7. NARCOTICS AND RELATED BASES 212
I. General Introduction 212
II. Literature Review 216
III. Physicochemical Methods for the Identification of Narcotics and Related Bases 240
IV. Opium—Assay, Characteristics, Composition, and Origin 273
V. Cannabis (Marihuana) 294
References 298
CHAPTER 8. TOXICITY OF AIR POLLUTANTS 310
I. Introduction 310
II. Photochemical Smog 312
III. Effects of Photochemical Smog 315
IV. Toxicity of Air Pollutants 317
References 326
CHAPTER 9. ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR AIR POLLUTANTS 330
I. Introduction 330
II. Analysis of Pollutants Which May Have a Direct Toxic Effect if Present in the Atmosphere in Sufficient Concentration for a Sufficient Period of Time 331
III. Analysis of Pollutants Which May Not Be Present in the Atmosphere in Sufficient Concentration to Cause Toxicity but Which May Create Nuisance Problems Due to Odor 342
IV. Analysis of Pollutants Involved in the Photochemical Process 344
V. Continuous Automatic Measurement of Air Contaminants 348
References 350
CHAPTER 10. POISONOUS MUSHROOMS 352
I. Introduction 352
II. Chemistry and Methods of Detection of Mushroom Poisons 356
III. Symptoms and Treatment of Mushroom Poisoning 365
IV. Names, Descriptions, and Relative Toxicities of Poisonous Mushrooms 369
References 394
CHAPTER 11. POISONOUS SEEDS AND FRUITS 398
I. Introduction 398
II. Definitions and Distinctions 399
III. Toxic Components 400
IV. Toxic Fruits and Seeds 401
References 413
AUTHOR INDEX 416
SUBJECT INDEX 435