Sterilisation and Disinfection (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Sterilisation and Disinfection 4
Copyright Page 5
GENERAL PREFACE 6
PREFACE TO VOLUME 3 7
Table of Contents 10
Part 1: 
12 
CONTENTS 14
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 16
DEVELOPMENT OF PARENTERAL THERAPY 16
DEVELOPMENT OF STERILISATION METHODS 17
PREPARATIONS REQUIRING STERILISATION 19
PARENTERAL PREPARATIONS 19
IMPLANTATION 29
TOPICAL PREPARATIONS 30
PREPARATION OF WATER FOR INJECTION 31
PYROGENS 39
CHAPTER 2. STERILISATION METHODS 45
DRY HEAT STERILISATION 45
MOIST HEAT STERILISATION 49
STERILISATION BY FILTRATION 58
STERILISATION BY GASES 67
STERILISATION BY IONISING RADIATIONS 68
EXTEMPORANEOUS PREPARATION OF INJECTIONS FROM STERILE POWDERS 74
HYPODERMIC TABLETS 76
LIQUID INJECTIONS PREPARED BY ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE 76
CHAPTER 3. THE PREPARATION AND PRESENTATION OF STERILE PRODUCTS 78
STABILISATION OF INJECTIONS 78
ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS 85
USE OF MILLI-EQUIVALENTS IN INFUSION SOLUTIONS 88
CONTAINERS AND CLOSURES 91
AMPOULES 92
MULTIPLE-DOSE CONTAINERS 99
CHAPTER 4. OPHTHALMIC PREPARATIONS 109
Eye Drops 109
Eye Lotions (Collyria) 113
Eye Ointments (Oculenta) 115
Subconjunctival Injection 116
CHAPTER 5. STERILISATION OF DRESSINGS AND SYRINGES 117
SURGICAL DRESSINGS 117
SYRINGES 121
APPENDIX. ORGANISATION OF A STERILE MATERIALS LABORATORY 129
Part 2: 
136 
CONTENTS 137
INTRODUCTION 138
THE TECHNIQUE OF STERILITY TESTS 139
INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 149
SPECIALISED STERILITY TESTS 152
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CONTAMINANTS 154
Part 3: AUTOCLAVE DESIGN 
158 
CONTENTS 159
HISTORICAL 160
GENERAL PRINCIPLES 163
STEAM 166
AUTOCLAVES 169
PRODUCTION OF VACUUM 183
INSTRUMENTATION 186
ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT 190
STERILISATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS 191
FAULTS OCCURRING IN AUTOCLAVES 194
NOISE 195
Part 4: 
198 
CONTENTS 199
CHAPTER 1. CHEMICAL DISINFECTANTS 200
DISINFECTION 200
DISINFECTANTS 201
PHENOLS, ALCOHOLS AND ALDEHYDES 203
HALOGENS 212
DYES 216
SURFACE-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS 220
METALS 222
BORON 225
FURAN DERIVATIVES 226
A MIDINES AND GUANIDINES 227
QUINOLINE AND ISOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES 229
ANTIFUNGAL COMPOUNDS 231
CHEMICALS USED FOR AIR DISINFECTION 231
CHAPTER 2. DISINFECTANT EVALUATION 233
DYNAMICS OF DISINFECTION 233
FACTORS AFFECTING THE ACTIVITY OF DISINFECTANTS 235
DISINFECTION EVALUATION 241
LIQUID DISINFECTANTS 241
MODERN METHODS FOR THE EVALUATION OF LIQUID DISINFECTANTS 243
ESTIMATION OF BACTERIOSTASIS 258
TESTS FOR ANTIFUNGAL PROPERTIES 261
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 262
SEMI-SOLID ANTIBACTERIAL PREPARATIONS 264
SOLID DISINFECTANTS 267
THE EVALUATION OF AIR DISINFECTANTS 268
LITERATURE ON DISINFECTION 276
INDEX 282