Pharmacology for Student and Pupil Nurses and Students in Associated Professions (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Pharmacology for Student and Pupil Nurses and Students in Associated Professions 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION 10
INTRODUCTION 12
Terminology 13
Dosage 14
"Units'' 15
"Sr—The Interaational System of Units 15
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17
CHAPTER 1. HOW DRUGS ARE ADMINISTERED 20
THE ORAL ROUTE 20
THE INJECTION ROUTE 22
THE RECTAL ROUTE 24
OTHER ROUTES 25
CHAPTER 2. THE METRIC SYSTEM 27
The Decimal System 27
Now to proceed to the Metric System itself:— 28
CHAPTER 3. ANTACIDS AND GASTRIC SEDATIVES 31
Anticholinergic drugs 32
Belladonna 33
Cimetidine 34
Carbenoxolone 34
CARMINATIVES 35
EMETICS 35
ANTI-EMETICS 36
CHAPTER 4. 
38 
The Lubricating Laxatives 38
Bulk-producing Laxatives 39
Saline Laxatives 39
Stimulant Laxatives of Vegetable Origin 40
Synthetic Laxatives 40
Castor Oil 41
Enemas 41
Suppositories 42
Peristaltic Stimulation by Parenteral Iiyection 42
ANTIDIARRHOEAL DRUGS 43
CHAPTER 5. DIURETICS 46
Osmosis 47
The Saline Diuretics 48
DigitaUs 48
Aminophylline 48
Mersalyl 49
The Newer Oral Diuretics 49
Spironolactone 51
Potassium Supplement Therapy 52
Prevention of Potassium loss 52
Drugs Used in Urinary Retention 52
KIDNEY IMPAIRMENT OR FAILURE 53
ANTI-DIURETICS 56
DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF ENURESIS 57
CHAPTER 6. INTRAVENOUS INFUSIONS 59
Electrolytes 59
"Saline" 61
Compound electrolyte solutions 61
Forced diuresis 62
Dextran 63
Millimoles 67
CHAPTER 7. CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS 68
Digitalis 68
DRUGS USED IN ANGINA PECTORIS 71
DRUGS USED IN HYPERTENSION 73
OTHER VASODILATORS 77
VASOCONSTRICTORS 78
DRUGS USED IN CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS 80
DRUGS USED IN CARDIAC ARREST 81
CHAPTER 8 DRUGS WHICH AFFECT THE BLOOD 84
Iron-deficiency anaemia 84
Pernicious anaemia 86
THE BLOOD-CLOT SEQUENCE 88
HAEMOSTATICS 88
ANTICOAGULANTS 90
CHAPTER 9. THE VITAMINS 95
Vitamin A 95
Vitamin D 95
The Vitamin . Group 96
Vitamin .1 96
Vitamin . 2 97
Nicotinic Acid 97
Vitamin B, 98
Folic Acid 98
Vitamin C 98
Vitamin . 99
The parenteral use of vitamin combinations 99
Vitamin . 100
TONICS 101
CHAPTER 10. DRUGS USED FOR THEIR EFFECT ON THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 102
EXPECTORANTS 102
COUGH SEDATIVES 103
BRONCHODILATORS AND ANTISPASMODICS 104
RESPIRATORY STIMULANTS 106
OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE 108
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 109
CHAPTER 11. HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 110
HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 110
ANTICONVULSANTS 113
TRANQUILLIZERS 115
ANTIHISTAMINES 120
THE AMPHETAMINES 122
DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 124
MUSCLE RELAXANTS 125
CHOLINERGIC DRUGS 126
DRUGS ACTING ON THE UTERUS 127
CHAPTER 12. ANALGESICS 130
Analgesics 130
The Mild Analgesics 130
Analgesics with Intermediate Effect 131
The powerful analgesics 132
ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUGS 135
CHAPTER 13. ANAESTHETICS 139
GENERAL ANAESTHETICS 139
LOCAL ANAESTHETICS 141
CHAPTER 14. DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTION 145
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS 146
ANTIBIOTICS 152
URINARY ANTISEPTICS 164
CHAPTER 15. ANTHELMINTICS 167
ANTHELMINTICS 167
DRUGS USED IN TROPICAL DISEASES 170
CHAPTER 16. SERA AND VACCINES 181
SERA 181
VACCINES 182
CHAPTER 17. ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS 185
CarboUc acid 186
Cresol-type preparations 186
'Jeyes Fluid'and 'Izar' 186
The Chlorinated Xylols 186
Cetrimide 187
Chlorhexidine and 'Savlon' 187
Hexachlorophane 188
Iodine 188
lodophors 188
Iodoform 189
The Chlorine Antiseptics 189
The Mercurial Antiseptics 190
The Dye Antiseptics 190
The Oxidising Antiseptics 190
Formaldehyde 191
Spirit 191
Storage of antiseptic solutions—a word of caution 192
Pre-packed sachets 192
CHAPTER 18. DRUGS USED IN ENDOCRINE THERAPY 194
THE PITUITARY GLAND 195
THE THYROID GLAND 198
THE PARATHYROID GLANDS 199
INSULIN 200
THE ADRENAL GLAND PREPARATIONS 206
THE SEX HORMONES 213
CHAPTER 19. DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT DISEASE—THE CYTOTOXICS 222
ANTIMITOTICS 223
ANTIMETABOLITES 225
IMMUNOTHERAPY 227
CHAPTER 20. DRUGS USED BY LOCAL APPLICATION 231
Drugs used—in the EYE 231
—in the EAR 235
—in the NOSE 235
—in the MOUTH 236
—in the THROAT 237
—in the RESPIRATORY TRACT 237
—in the ANUS and RECTUM 237
—in the URETHRA and BLADDER 238
—in the VAGINA 238
—on the SKIN 239
CHAPTER 21. DRUGS USED IN DIAGNOSIS 243
GENERAL 243
REAGENTS USED IN THE EXAMINATION OF URINE 248
CONTRAST MEDIA 251
CHAPTER 22. "WATERS" AND "SPIRIT" 256
WATER 256
SPIRIT 259
CHAPTER 23. WARD MEDICINE ROUTINE 261
Requisitioning 261
Storage 262
Administration 263
Abbreviations used in prescribing 265
PATIENT COUNSELLING 266
CHAPTER 24. POISONS REGULATIONS 269
Scheduled Poisons 269
Controlled Drugs 270
CHAPTER 25. CALCULATIONS 274
Percentage 274
Percentage in Small Volmnes 276
How to dilute solutions from one strength to anodier 276
To prepare Solutions from ^neat^ or pure substances 277
Injection Calculations 278
Temperature 278
Fahrenheit to Celsius 279
APPENDIX FACTORS WHICH MAY INFLUENCE DOSAGE 280
AN OUTLINE OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE EMERGENCY TREATMENT OF POISONING 283
Respiration 283
Identifying the poison: summoning help 283
Presence of Poison in Stomach 283
Shock 284
INDEX 286
Supplement to the Second Edition 302