Hormone Assay (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Hormone Assay 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 6
PREFACE 8
CHAPTER I. Statistical Methods 14
I. INTRODUCTION 14
II. STATISTICAL TERMINOLOGY AND PROCEDURE 18
III. TYPES OF RESPONSE 27
IV. ASSAYS BASED ON QUANTITATIVE RESPONSES 31
V. ASSAYS BASED ON QUALITATIVE RESPONSES 41
VI. PREDICTING ASSAY REQUIREMENTS 43
REFERENCES 45
CHAPTER II. Insulin 48
I. INTRODUCTION 49
II. THE STANDARD PREPARATION 49
III. THE RABBIT METHOD OF ASSAY 51
IV. THE MOUSE METHOD OF ASSAY 76
VI. THE ASSAY OF INSULIN IN BLOOD 87
REFERENCES 88
CHAPTER III. Parathyroid Hormone 90
I. INTRODUCTION 90
II. POSSIBILITIES OF A STANDARD PREPARATION 91
III. THE UNIT OF PARATHYROID ACTIVITY 92
IV. METHODS OF ASSAY 92
REFERENCES 102
CHAPTER IV. Biological and Chemical Assay of Adrenalin 104
I. INTRODUCTION 104
II. THE BLOOD PRESSURE OF A CAT OR DOG 105
III. THE RABBIT'S INTESTINE 107
IV. SHAW'S CHEMICAL METHOD AND SPECIFIC TEST 108
V. THE STRAUB FROG HEART 110
VI. THE PERFUSED FROG HEART 111
VII. THE PERFUSED FROG BLOOD VESSELS 113
VIII. THE HEN'S RECTAL CAECUM 114
IX. THE PERFUSED RABBIT'S EAR 114
X. THE ISOLATED RAT'S UTERUS 115
XI. THE FLUORESCENT REACTION 115
XIII. NORADRENALIN 117
REFERENCES 119
CHAPTER V. Posterior Pituitary Lobe, Hormones 122
I. INTRODUCTION 122
II. STANDARD PREPARATION 123
III. METHODS OF ASSAY 125
REFERENCES 151
CHAPTER VI. Biological Assay of the Melanophore Expanding Hormone from the Pituitary 154
I. INTRODUCTION 154
II. BRIEF HISTORICAL NOTE 156
III. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS 157
IV. PRACTICAL DETAILS 165
V. PERFORMANCE OF AN ASSAY 167
VI. SAMPLE ASSAYS 171
VII. ACCURACY TO BE EXPECTED 171
VIII. IMPLICATIONS OF DISPROPORTIONATE 'B'/PRESSOR AND 'B' /OXYTOCIC RATIOS 172
IX. ASSAY OF MATERIAL THAT HAS BEEN SUBJECTED TO CAUSTIC SODA TREATMENT 174
XI. THE QUESTION OF WHETHER THE PARS INTERMEDIA MANUFACTURES TWO SEPARATE CHROMATOPHORE EXCITANTS 180
CHAPTER VII. Gonadotropins 186
I. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION 187
II. SITE OF PRODUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF GONADOTROPINS 187
III. GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR THE ASSAY OF GONADOTROPINS 189
IV. ASSAY OF CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN 196
V. ASSAY OF PREGNANT MARES' SERUM GONADOTROPIN 203
VI. ASSAY OF HYPOPHYSEAL GONADOTROPINS 209
VII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 214
REFERENCES 215
CHAPTER VIII. Adrenocorticotropin 218
I. THE BIOASSAY OF ACTH IN THE INTACT ANIMAL 218
II. THE BIOASSAY OF ACTH IN THE HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED ANIMAL 220
REFERENCES 226
CHAPTER IX. Thyrotropic Hormone 228
I. INTRODUCTION 229
II. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SENSITIVITY OF THE THYROID GLAND 231
III. METHODS OF ASSAY OF THYROTROPIC HORMONE 232
ADDENDA 245
REFERENCES 246
CHAPTER X. Lactogenic Hormone 250
I. INTRODUCTION 251
II. MAMMALIAN ASSAY METHODS 252
III. PIGEON ASSAY METHODS 258
IV. COMPARISON OF ASSAY METHODS USING INTERNATIONAL STANDARD LACTOGENIC HORMONE 267
V. COMPARISON OF LACTOGENIC HORMONE CONTENT IN PITUITARIES OF VARIOUS MATURE ANIMALS 268
VI. COMPARISON OF LACTOGENIC HORMONE CONTENT IN PITUITARIES OF VARIOUS ANIMALS AS AFFECTED BY PREGNANCY AND LACTATION, SUCKLING, AND FOLLOWING ESTROGEN STIMULATION 269
REFERENCES 272
CHAPTER XI. Mammogenic Hormone 274
I. INTRODUCTION 274
II. PREPARATION OF WHOLE MOUNTS OF MAMMARY GLANDS 276
III. ASSAY OF DUCT GROWTH 276
IV. ASSAY OF LOBULE-ALVEOLAR GROWTH 278
V. SUMMARY 283
REFERENCES 284
CHAPTER XII. Growth Hormone 286
I. INTRODUCTION 286
II. WELL-ESTABLISHED PROCEDURES FOR THE BIOASSAY OF GROWTH 287
III. SUGGESTED METHODS FOR THE BIOASSAY OF GROWTH HORMONE 299
IV. COMMENT ON METHODS 300
REFERENCES 301
CHAPTER XIII. Androgens 304
I. INTRODUCTION 304
II. SURGICAL PROCEDURES 305
III. BIRD METHODS 306
IV. MAMMALIAN ASSAYS 329
REFERENCES 335
CHAPTER XIV. Adrenal Cortical Hormones 338
I. INTRODUCTION 339
II. ADRENALECTOMY 342
III. SURVIVAL-GROWTH METHODS 343
IV. ELECTROLYTE METHODS 349
V. CARBOHYDRATE METHODS 353
VI. STRESS TESTS 370
REFERENCES 375
CHAPTER XV. The Chemical Assay of Steroids of the Androgen and Adrenocortical Hormone Groups 376
I. INTRODUCTION—CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF THE ANDROGEN AND ADRENOCORTICAL HORMONE GROUPS IN RELATION TO ASSAY METHODS 376
II. THE ANDROGEN GROUP 380
III. THE ADRENOCORTICAL HORMONE GROUP—THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXTRACTION AND CHEMICAL ASSAY METHODS 397
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 401
REFERENCES 401
CHAPTER XVI. Estrogens 404
I. INTRODUCTION 404
II. TYPES OF ESTROGEN 405
III. ASSAYS BASED ON VAGINAL CORNIFICATION (ALLEN-DOISY TESTS) 409
IV. MODIFICATIONS OF THE ALLEN-DOISY TEST 414
V. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS WITH ALLEN-DOISY TESTS 415
VI. INTRAVAGINAL ALLEN-DOISY TESTS 418
VII. ASSAYS BASED ON UTERINE WEIGHT 421
VIII. ASSAYS BASED ON VAGINAL OPENING 426
REFERENCES 428
CHAPTER XVII. Hormones of the Corpus Luteum 432
I. PROGESTOGENS 432
II. RELAXIN 448
REFERENCES 453
CHAPTER XVIII. Chemical Assay of Estrogens and Pregnanediol 456
I. INTRODUCTION 457
II. ESTROGENS 457
III. PREGNANEDIOL 471
REFERENCES 496
CHAPTER XIX. Thyroidal Substances 502
I. INTRODUCTION 502
II. THYROID STANDARDS AND ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION 503
III. ASSAYS BASED ON ELEVATION OF THE METABOLIC RATE 506
IV. ASSAYS BASED ON LOSS IN BODY WEIGHT 510
V. GROWTH RESTORATION IN THYROIDECTOMIZED ANIMALS 511
VI. MAINTENANCE OF THE THYROID-PITUITARY BALANCE IN THIOURACIL-TREATED ANIMALS 512
VII. ASSAYS BASED ON STIMULATION OF METAMORPHOSIS IN AMPHIBIAN TADPOLES 517
REFERENCES 522
CHAPTER XX. The Chemical Assay of Thyroxine and Other Substances with Thyroidal Activity 526
I. INTRODUCTION 527
II. METHODS OF CHEMICAL ASSAY OF COMPOUNDS HAVING THYROIDAL ACTIVITY 533
III. THE DETERMINATION OF IODINE IN ORGANIC COMBINATION 543
IV. DISCUSSION 544
REFERENCES 553
Index 556