Pathobiology of Cell Membranes (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Pathobiology of Cell Membranes 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
List of Contributors 10
Preface 12
Chapter I. Cell Membranes and Disease Processes 20
I. Introduction 20
II. Cell Injury and Disease Processes: Definitions 24
III. Normal Cell Membranes: Topography and Nomenclature 27
IV. Membrane Structure and Function in Cell Injury 50
References 71
Chapter II. The Use of Circular Dichroism in the Study of the Structure of Cell Membranes 124
I. Introduction 124
II. Basic Principles 125
III. Optically Active Chromophores 133
IV. Illustrative Examples of the Use of Circular Dichroism in the Study of Proteins 140
V. The Use of Circular Dichroism in Studies of Cell Membranes 149
References 156
Editors' Summary to Chapter II 162
Chapter III. Lipid Peroxidation and Fluorescent Molecular Damage to Membranes 164
I. Introduction 164
II. Chemical Process of Lipid Peroxidation 165
III. Free Radical Damage to Enzymes and Other Proteins 166
IV. Damage to Membranes and Subcellular Organelles 168
V. Fluorescent Molecular Damage and Lipofuscin Pigments 172
References 187
Editors' Summary to Chapter III 190
Chapter IV. Colloid Osmotic Pressure as a Cause of Pathological Swelling of Cells 192
I. Cloudy Swelling 192
II. The Behavior of Isolated Cells 195
III. The Status of Cells as Osmometers 196
IV. Cells as Oncometers 201
V. Cells Behaving as Osmometers without Being Osmometers 203
VI. The Problem of Respiring Cells 203
VII. Pathological Swelling of Cells 205
VIII. Summary 206
References 207
Editors' Summary to Chapter IV 209
Chapter V. Photopathology of the Erythrocyte Membrane 218
I. Introduction 218
II. Nature of the Ultraviolet Lesion 220
III. The Mechanism of Lysis 224
IV. Addendum 229
References 231
Editors' Summary to Chapter V 233
Chapter VI. Alterations in Lysosomal Membranes as Related to Disease Processes 236
I. Introductory Review 236
II. Methods of Demonstration of Alterations in Lysosomal Membranes 240
III. Lysosomal Labilizers and Stabilizers 246
IV. Lysosomes in Cell Injury 248
V. Role of Endocytosis in the Extracellular Release of Lysosomal Enzymes 272
References 273
Editors' Summary to Chapter VI 277
Chapter VII. The Endocytic Uptake of Macromolecules 278
I. Introduction 278
II. Endocytosis 279
III. Postengulfment Events 293
IV. Endocytosis of Macromolecules in Physiology and Pathology 298
References 299
Editors' Summary to Chapter VII 303
Chapter VIII. The Cellular Mechanisms of Hormonally Induced Tissue Atrophy 306
I. Introduction 307
II. Mechanism of Cell Injury and Cell Death in Hormonally Induced Atrophy 310
III. Degradation of Cell Components by Autophagy 324
IV. Mechanisms of Macromolecular Degradation 332
V. Degradation of Tissue Components by Heterophagy in Macrophages 334
VI. General Summary 340
References 341
Editors' Summary to Chapter VIII 346
Chapter IX. Thyroid Lysosomes in Health and Disease 348
I. Introduction 348
II. The Normal Gland 349
III. Experimental Studies 354
IV. Biochemical Effects of TSH Related to Endocytosis of Thyroglobulin 359
V. Clinical Pathology 365
VI. Conclusion 368
References 369
Editors' Summary to Chapter IX 404
Chapter X. Toxic Changes in Mitochondrial Membranes and Mitochondrial Function 406
I. Introduction 407
II. Lead 409
III. Mercury 415
IV. Effects of Other Metals on Mitochondria 419
V. Effects of Antibiotics in Mitochondrial Membranes 424
VI. Ethanol 426
VII. Pesticides 428
VIII. Oxygen Toxicity 429
IX. Mechanism of Action of Uncouplers of Oxidative Phosphorylation 429
X. Summary 431
References 432
Editors' Summary to Chapter X 450
Chapter XI. Human Intestinal Epithelium as Biological Membrane 452
I. Introduction 452
II. Normal Membrane Structure of the Intestinal Absorptive Cell 453
III. Capillary, Lymphatic, and Epithelial Permeability of the Intestinal Mucosa 462
IV. Pathologic Alterations of the Intestinal Epithelium and Malabsorption 465
References 473
Editors' Summary to Chapter XI 491
AUTHOR INDEX 494
SUBJECT INDEX 513