Cutaneous Innervation (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Cutaneous Innervation 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 10
INTRODUCTION 12
CHAPTER 1. THE PATTERN OF CUTANEOUS INNERVATION OF THE HUMAN HAND, FOOT AND BREAST 14
I. Introduction 14
II. Methods of Study 15
III. Observations 16
IV. Discussion 23
V. Summary 26
VI. References 59
CHAPTER 2. SIMILARITIES IN CUTANEOUS NERVE END-ORGANS 61
I. Introduction 61
II. The Histochemical Reactions 71
III. The Function of End-organs 72
IV. Comment 74
V. References 75
CHAPTER 3. THE AUTONOMIC INNERVATION OF THE SKIN 76
I. General Discussion 76
II. References 84
CHAPTER 4. CHOLINESTERASES IN THE CUTANEOUS NERVES OF MAN 87
I. Introduction 87
II. Cholinesterase in Nerve Endings 87
III. The Nerves Around the Cutaneous Glands 92
IV. The Nerves Around Hair Follicles 94
V. Comments 94
VI. Summary 97
VII. References 99
CHAPTER 5. THE RELATION OF NERVE FIBER SIZE TO MODALITY OF SENSATION 101
I. Introduction 101
II. References 111
CHAPTER 6. THE CENTRAL PATHS OF THE AFFERENT IMPULSES FROM SKIN WHICH AROUSE SENSATION 112
I. Introduction 112
II. References 124
CHAPTER 7. STUDIES RELATED TO THE MECHANISM OF COMMON SENSIBILITY 125
I. Introduction 125
II. Material and Methods 128
III. Anatomical Observations 131
IV. Physiological Observations 138
V. Interpretation of Observations 159
VI. Discussion 162
VII. Acknowledgements 171
VIII. References 171
CHAPTER 8. STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES INVOLVED IN THE SENSATION OF ITCH 174
I. Introduction 174
II. Demonstration of Lowered Pain Threshold in Areas of Itching 175
III. The Qualities of Cutaneous Pain and Itch 176
IV. Demonstration that Itch can be Abolished by Painful Pin Pricks within the same Dermatome 178
V. Demonstration that a Zone of Secondary Hyperalgesia is "Anti-Pruritic" 180
VI. Demonstration that Vasodilatation is Accompanied by Lowered Pain Threshold and Spontaneous Itching 182
VII. Demonstration of Heightened Vulnerability in Zones of Vasodilatation 185
VIII. Demonstration of a Bradykinin-type Agent in Subcutaneous Perfusate Collected from Zones of Lowered Pain Threshold and Spontaneous Itching 187
IX. Comment 190
X. Demonstration that Activation of Sweat Glands is not a Required Step in Bradykinin Formation During Vasodilatation 192
XI. Demonstration that Central Nervous System Activity at the Highest Level is Implicated in the Activation of Proteolytic Enzymes in the Periphery 193
XII. Comment 197
XIII. Summary and Conclusions 198
XIV. References 199
CHAPTER 9. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ITCH SENSATION 202
I. Pain and Itch 202
II. Itch and Protopathic Pain 204
III. Physiological and Pathological Pruritus 206
IV. Itching Hyperexcitability 206
V. Spontaneous Itch and Anatomical Changes 208
VI. The Site of Itch Terminals 209
VII. Vasomotor Fibers 210
VIII. Psychic Factors 210
IX. Summary 211
X. References 212
Subject Index 214