Elements of Hygiene and Public Health (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Elements of Hygiene and Public Health: For the Use of Medical Students and Practitioners 2
Table of Contents 10
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION 6
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION 8
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 12
INTRODUCTION 14
CHAPTER 1. WATER 16
SOURCES OF WATER 17
DISEASES CAUSED BY IMPURE WATER (WATER-BORNE DISEASES) 28
PURIFICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF WATER 30
COLLECTION OF SAMPLES OF WATER FOR ANALYSIS 45
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION 46
CHEMICAL EXAMINATION 47
BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION 53
CHAPTER 2. AIR 56
IMPURITIES OF AIR 60
EXAMINATION OF AIR 65
CHAPTER 3. VENTILATION 70
CHAPTER 4. HEATING AND COOLING 86
HEATING 86
COOLING 89
CHAPTER 5. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES 92
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE 92
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES 98
CHAPTER 6. OFFENSIVE TRADES 106
EFFECTS OF OFFENSIVE TRADES ON HEALTH 116
CHAPTER 7. SOILS AND DWELLING HOUSES 118
SOILS 118
DWELLING HOUSES 122
CHAPTER 8. HOSPITALS 127
GENERAL HOSPITALS 127
MATERNITY HOSPITALS 132
ISOLATION HOSPITALS 133
SMALL-POX HOSPITALS 137
CHAPTER 9. SCHOOL HYGIENE 138
HOSTELS 146
SANITARY CONVENIENCES 149
PERSONAL HYGIENE OF SCHOLARS 150
MEDICAL INSPECTION OF SCHOLARS 151
CHAPTER 10. CLIMATOLOGY AND METEOROLOGY 158
CLIMATOLOGY 158
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE 161
METEOROLOGY 163
CHAPTER 11. FOOD 173
CLASSIFICATION OF FOOD STUFFS 173
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF FOOD STUFFS 176
STANDARD DIET 177
CONDITIONS REGARDING DIETS TO MAINTAIN HEALTH 182
DISEASES CAUSED BY FAULTY DIETING 185
ARTICLES OF FOOD 186
CHAPTER 12. FOOD— (Continued) 193
MILK 193
DISEASES CAUSED BY MILK (MILK-BORNE DISEASES) 198
PRECAUTIONS AGAINST TRANSMISSION OF DISEASES THROUGH MILK 199
PREPARATIONS FROM MILK 201
VEGETABLE FOODS 206
CHAPTER 13. THE DISPOSAL OF REFUSE 218
SEWAGE 223
CONSERVANCY SYSTEM 223
DISPOSAL OF NIGHT-SOIL 230
URINALS 235
SULLAGE FARMS 236
WATER-CARRIAGE SYSTEM 237
SANITARY APPLIANCES 237
FINAL DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE 254
CHAPTER 14. PERSONAL HYGIENE 263
HABITS 263
CLEANLINESS 266
EXERCISE 269
CLOTHING 271
CHAPTER 15. INFECTION, IMMUNITY AND PREVENTION 276
INFECTION 276
IMMUNITY 280
PREVENTION 282
INSECTICIDES OR PUUCIDES 300
METHODS OF DISINFECTION 301
CHAPTER 16. MALARIA, YELLOW FEVER AND DENGUE 306
MALARIA 306
CAUSATION 306
INCUBATION PERIOD 310
MOSQUITOES 310
IMMUNITY 320
ESTIMATION OF MALARIA 322
MORTALITY 323
PROPHYLAXIS 324
YELLOW FEVER 331
DENGUE 333
CHAPTER 17. PLAGUE 335
ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY 336
CONDITIONS FAVOURING THE SPREAD OF PLAGUE 342
VARIETIES OF PLAGUE 343
PROPHYLAXIS 344
CHAPTER 18. THE HOUSE-FLY AND THE DISEASES CONVEYED BY IT 354
CHAPTER 19. CHOLERA (ASIATIC CHOLERA), DYSENTERY, TUBERCULOSIS AND TYPHOID FEVER 361
CHOLERA 361
DYSENTERY 368
TUBERCULOSIS 369
TYPHOID FEVER (ENTERIC FEVER) 375
CHAPTER 20. RELAPSING FEVER, TYPHUS FEVER, KALA-AZAR, LEPROSY AND HYDROPHOBIA 379
RELAPSING FEVER 379
TYPHUS FEVER 383
KALA-AZAR 385
LEPROSY 388
HYDROPHOBIA OR RABIES 390
CHAPTER 21. SMALL-POX, CHICKEN POX, MEASLES, WHOOPING COUGH, DIPHTHERIA AND INFLUENZA 393
SMALL-POX 393
CHICKEN-POX (VARICELLA) 400
MEASLES 401
WHOOPING COUGH 402
DIPHTHERIA 404
INFLUENZA (LA GRIPPE) 405
CHAPTER 22. VILLAGE SANITATION 412
HOUSES 412
WATER-SUPPLY 415
CONSERVANCY 422
PROTECTION OF FOOD SUPPLIES 426
EPIDEMIC DISEASES 427
REGISTRATION OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS 427
CHAPTER 23. FAIRS, FAMINE CAMPS AND POOR HOUSES 429
FAIRS 429
FAMINE CAMPS 441
POOR HOUSES 445
DISEASES LIKELY TO OCCUR DURING FAMINE AND THEIR PREVENTIVE MEASURES 447
CHAPTER 24. VITAL STATISTICS 451
THE CENSUS 451
REGISTRATION AND COMPILATION OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS 454
APPENDIX A:—MODEL BYELAWS 462
I.—PROJECTION BYELAWS 462
II.—BUILDING BYELAWS 463
III.—BYELAWS FOR THE REGULATION AND INSPECTION OF SLAUGHTER-HOUSES 467
IV.—BYELAWS REGULATING THE SALE OF MEAT 472
V.—DAIRY BYELAWS 473
VI.—BYELAWS FOR CONTROLLING THE MANUFACTURE AND SALE OF CRATED WATER 478
VII.—BYELAWS FOR THE REGULATION AND CONTROL OF BAKERIES 481
APPENDIX B: DISINFECTION OF A MUNICIPAL WATER-SUPPLY 484
APPENDIX C: NOTE ON WATER-SUPPLIES TO FAMINE CAMPS 485
APPENDIX D: MEASURES TO BE ADOPTED ON THE OCCURRENCE OF CHOLERA IN FAMINE CAMPS 487
APPENDIX E: DIRECTIONS FOR TUBERCULOUS PATIENTS GOING TO BHOWALI SANATORIUM 489
APPENDIX F: DIRECTIONS FOR PATIENTS PROCEEDING TO KASAULI FOR ANTI-RABIC TREATMENT 492
APPENDIX G: BOOKS OF REFERENCE 494
INDEX 496