Chemistry and Bacteriology of Public Health (eBook)

Front Cover 1
The Chemistry and Bacteriology of Public Health 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
Dedication 6
PREFACE 8
ERRATA 14
PART l - CHEMISTRY 16
CHAPTER I. ALKALIMETRY, ACIDIMETRY, STANDARD AND NORMAL SOLUTIONS 16
CHAPTER II. THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF WATER 25
ORGANIC MATTER IN WATER (Wanklyn's process) 33
QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATIONS 38
ANALYTICAL SCHEME (after kenwood) 49
CHAPTER III. THE ANALYSIS OF SEWAGE AND SEWAGE EFFLUENTS 50
CHAPTER IV. ANALYSIS OF SOILS 55
CHAPTER V. THE ANALYSIS OF AIR 61
QUALITATIVE TESTS FOR GASES 66
CHAPTER VI. MILK ANALYSIS 68
FRESH MILK 68
BOILED MILK 76
SKIMMED, SEPARATED AND DESIGNATED MILK 76
PRESERVATIVES, ETC., IN MILK 78
CONDENSED AND DRIED MILK 81
POIARIMETRY 82
CHAPTER VII. BUTTER, GHEE AND CHEESE 86
BUTTER 86
ADULTERATION WITH FOREIGN FATS, MARGARINES, ETC 87
GHEE 92
CHEESE 99
CHAPTER VII.. THE EXAMINATION OF FOOD GRAINS, BREAD BEVERAGES, ETC 100
CEREALS 100
STARCHES 100
FLOUR 101
BREAD 103
INFANTS' FOODS 104
BEVERAGES 104
MUSTARD 109
TEA 109
COFFEE 112
VITAMINS 114
CHAPTER IX. THE EXAMINATION OF DISINFECTANTS 118
QUALITATIVE TESTS 118
QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION 118
PART ll: BAGTERIOLOGY 124
CHAPTER I. THE GENERAL MORPHOLOGY AND BIOLOGY OF BACTERIA 124
VARIATION AND MUTATION 132
THE BACTERIOPHAGE—THE TWORT-d' HERELLE PHENOMENON 134
CHAPTER II. THE MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF BACTERIA AND THE STAINING OF SPECIMENS 137
STAINING 138
THE STAINING OF BACTERIA IN SECTIONS 148
CHAPTER III. THE PREPARATION OF APPARATUS AND MEDIA AND THE CULTIVATION OF BACTERIA 152
STERILISATION 152
CULTIVATION OF BACTERIA 156
INCUBATION 160
CENTRIFUGES 160
.R..AR..... OF CULTURE MEDIA 161
GENERAL TECHNIQUE 162
PREPARATION OF INDIVIDUAL CULTURE MEDIA 166
SPECIAL CULTURE MEDIA 168
ANAEROBIC METHODS FOR CULTIVATING BACTERIA 174
BLOOD CULTURE 176
BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS 178
CHAPTER IV. SERA, SERUM TESTS, VACCINES AND COLLECTION OF MATERIAL FOR EXAMINATION 181
DETERMINATION OF THE OPSONIC INDEX 186
HÆMOLYTIC TEST 188
THE WASSERMANN REACTION 189
PREPARATION OF BACTERIAL VACCINES 197
THE NEGATIVE PHASE 200
INOCULATION AND EXAMINATION OF LABORATORY ANIMALS 200
EXAMINATION OF ANIMALS—DEAD OR KILLED—AFTER INOCULATION 201
THE COLLECTION OF PATHOLOGICAL MATERIAL FOR EXAMINATION 202
CHAPTER V. IMMUNITY 204
THEORIES REGARDING THE MECHANISM OF ACQUIRED IMMUNITY 214
CHAPTER VI. THE NON-PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND THE HYPHOMYCETES 215
NON-PATHOGENIC BACTERIA 215
HYPHOMYCETES 218
CHAPTER VII. THE PATHOGENIC BACTERIA 224
I.- AEROBIC 224
STAPHYLOCOCCUS PYOGENES AUREUS 224
STAPHYLOCOCCUS PYOGENES, VAR. ALBUS AND VAR. CITREUS 225
THE STREPTOCOCCI 226
PNEUMOCOCCUS 230
MENINGOCOCCUS 233
GONOCOCCUS 235
THE BRUCELLA 238
BACILLUS TUBERCULOSIS 244
BACILLUS LEPRAE 249
BACILLUS MALLEI 250
BACILLUS WHITMORI 252
ACTINOMYCOSIS 253
BACILLUS ANTHRACIS 257
ANTHRAX-LIKE BACILLI 259
BACILLUS OF THE COLON-TYPHOID DYSENTERY GROUP 260
BACILLUS COLI GROUP 260
THE PARATYPHOID AND FOOD-POISONING BACILLI 266
BACILLI OF FOOD-POISONING 267
THE DYSENTERY BACILLI 268
DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIONS DUE TO THE COLON-TYPHOID DYSENTERY GROUP OF BACTERIA 269
BACILLUS DIPHTHERIÆ 272
PSEUDO-DIPHTHERIA AND DIPHTHEROID BACILLI 276
VIBRIO CHOLERÆ AND ALLIED ORGANISMS 279
CHOLERA-LIKE VIBRIOS 283
INFLUENZA BACILLUS AND OTHER ORGANISMS OF THE HÆMOPHILUS GROUP 284
BACILLUS PESTIS 288
II. ANÆROBIC 292
BACILLUS TETANI 292
THE ANÆROBIC ORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH SEPTIC WOUNDS AND GAS GANGRENE 294
SACCHAROLYTIC GROUP 295
PROTEOLYTIC GROUP 299
BACILLUS BOTULINUS 300
CHAPTER VIII. THE SPIROCHÆTÆ AND RICKETTSIA AND THE FILTER-PASSING VIRUSES 303
SPIRONEMA PALLIDUM 303
LEPTOSPIRA ICTEROHÆMORRHAGIÆ 309
LEPTOSPIRA ICTEROIDES 311
LEPTOSPIRA HEBDOMADIS 311
SPIROCHÆTA MORSUS-MURIS 312
SPIROCHÆTA OBERMEIERI 312
RICKETTSIA INFECTIONS 314
TYPHUS FEVER 315
TRENCH FEVER 316
ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER 316
JAPANESE RIVER FEVER 316
FILTER-PASSING VIRUSES 317
SMALLPOX 318
RABIES 320
EPIDEMIC POLIOMYELITIS 323
EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS 324
HERPETIC VIRUSES 325
CHAPTER IX. PATHOGENIC PROTOZOA 328
TRYPANOSOMA 328
LEISHMANIA 330
INTESTINAL FLAGELLATES 334
BLOOD PARASITES RESEMBLING THE MALARIAL PARASITES (PLASMODIUM) 335
GENUS LEUCOCYTOZOON Danilewsky, 1890 336
GENUS PLASMODIUM 336
THE PARASITES OF MALARIA 337
PIROPLASMA 344
HÆMOGREGARINES 345
THE AMŒBÆ OF MAN 345
BALANTIDIUM 351
CHAPTER .. ANIMAL PARASITES 352
PHYLUM PLATYHHELMINTHES.—Flat Worms. Class TREMATODA 352
CLASS CESTODA (TAPEWORMS) 355
PHYLUM NEMATHELMINTHES 357
CHAPTER XI. THE EXTRA-CORPOREAL HOSTS OF PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS, Etc 363
TICKS 363
SARCOPTES SCABIEI (LINN. , 1758) 364
SANDFLIES 364
TABANIDÆ 365
MUSCIDÆ 365
LICE 366
BUGS 366
FLEAS 367
KEY TO THE GENERA OF PULICIDÆ FOUND ON RATS 368
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF XENOPSYLLA FOUND IN INDIAN RATS 370
MOSQUITOES 371
CHAPTER XII. THE BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF WATER, AIR AND SOIL 379
WATER 379
METHODS OF EXAMINATION 382
THE BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF SEWAGE AND SEWAGE EFFLUENTS 389
THE BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF ICE 389
INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS 389
THE BACTERIOLOGICAL STANDARDS LAID DOWN FOR PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES IN THE UNITED PRO-VINCES OF AGRA AND OUDH (INDIA) 390
THE BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF WATER FILTERS 391
MICROSCOPICAL EXAMINATION OF SEDIMENT IN WATER 391
THE BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF AIR 392
THE BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF SOIL 394
CHAPTER .III. THE BACTERIOLOGY OF MILK, MEAT, ETC 396
BACTERIA FOUND IN MILK 396
PATHOGENIC BACTERIA 398
BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF MILK 398
EXAMINATION FOR PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS 401
THE BACTERIOLOGY OF MEAT 403
CHAPTER XIV. THE DETERMINATION OF THE GERMICIDAL POWER OF DISINFECTANTS 406
INDEX 412