Logan Turner's Diseases of the Nose, Throat and Ear (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Diseases of the Nose, Throat and Ear 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 12
Dedication 6
Preface to the Tenth Edition 8
Contributors 10
Section 1: THE NOSE 14
Chapter 1.1 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 16
THE EXTERNAL NOSE 16
THE NASAL CAVITY 17
PARANASAL SINUSES 20
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NOSE 23
BACTERIOLOGY 25
Chapter 1.2 INVESTIGATION OF NASAL DISEASE 26
Chapter 1.3 NASAL AND FACIAL TRAUMA 34
COMPLICATIONS 36
SEPTAL SURGERY 37
FRONTOETHMOID FRACTURE 39
BLOW-OUT FRACTURE 40
ZYGOMATIC FRACTURE 40
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID LEAKS 41
SEPTAL PERFORATION 42
Chapter 1.4. EPISTAXIS 43
Chapter 1.5 ACUTE RHINOSINUSITIS 47
THE COMMON COLD AND INFLUENZA 47
ACUTE SINUSITIS 47
RECURRENT ACUTE SINUSITIS 49
OSTEOMYELITIS 49
INTRACRANIAL COMPLICATIONS 50
Chapter 1.6 CHRONIC RHINITIS 51
RHINITIS MEDICAMENTOSA 52
VASOMOTOR RHINITIS 53
ATROPHIC RHINITIS 53
RHINITIS CASEOSA 54
Chapter 1.7 CHRONIC SINUSITIS 55
MAXILLARY SINUSITIS 55
THE FRONTAL SINUS 58
ETHMOIDAL SINUS SURGERY 61
SPHENOID SINUS SURGERY 61
CYSTS OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS 61
OROANTRAL FISTULA 62
Chapter 1.8 ALLERGIC RHINITIS AND NASAL POLYPS 64
NASAL POLYPS 67
CHOANAL POLYP 68
Chapter 1.9 BENIGN TUMOURS AND GRANULOMAS 69
PAPILLOMA 69
ANGIOMA 70
FIBROMAS AND OSTEOMAS 70
FACIAL FIBROUS DYSPLASIA 71
NASAL GRANULOMAS 71
FUNGI 74
SCLEROMA 74
LEISHMANIASIS 75
LEPROSY 75
FOREIGN BODIES 75
RHINOLITHS 76
Chapter 1.10 FACIAL PAIN 77
NEURAL PAIN 77
OTHER CAUSES 78
Chapter 1.11 COSMETIC FACIAL SURGERY 80
RHINOPLASTY 80
OTOPLASTY 81
MENTOPLASTY 82
BLEPHAROPLASTY 82
FACE-LIFT 82
DERMABRASION 83
HAIR TRANSPLANTS 83
Chapter 1.12 TRANS-SPHENOIDAL HYPOPHYSECTOMY 84
Section 2: THE HEAD AND NECK 88
Chapter 2.1 ANATOMY OF THE PHARYNX 90
The Nasopharynx 90
The Oropharynx 90
The Hypopharynx 90
The Palatine Tonsils 91
Chapter 2.2 INVESTIGATION OF PHARYNGEAL DISEASE 93
EXAMINATION 93
RADIOGRAPHY 95
BIOPSY 96
Chapter 2.3 INFECTIONS OF THE PHARYNX 97
ACUTE TONSILLITIS 97
ABSCESSES OF THE TONSILS 98
HYPERTROPHY OF THE LINGUAL TONSIL 100
TUBERCULOSIS OF THE TONSIL 100
CALCULUS OF THE TONSIL 100
RETENTION CYST OF THE TONSIL 100
ULCERATIVE GINGIVITIS 100
DIPHTHERIA 101
ACUTE PHARYNGITIS 102
CHRONIC PHARYNGITIS 102
ATROPHIC PHARYNGITIS 103
PHARYNGITIS IN BLOOD DISORDERS 103
AIDS 104
FUNGAL INFECTIONS 104
SYPHILIS OF THE PHARYNX 104
TUBERCULOSIS OF THE PHARYNX 105
LUPUS OF THE PHARYNX 106
SCLEROMA 106
LEPROSY 106
Chapter 2.4 BENIGN DISEASE OF THE PHARYNX 107
PATERSON-BROWN KELLY SYNDROME 107
PHARYNGEAL POUCH 109
GLOBUS SYNDROME 110
CORROSIVE BURNS OF THE OESOPHAGUS 111
OESOPHAGEAL STRICTURE 112
OESOPHAGEAL PERFORATION 112
ACHALASIA 113
MANAGEMENT OF A PATIENT PRESENTING WITH DYSPHAGIA 114
SNORING 116
Chapter 2.5 NECK SPACE INFECTIONS 117
RETROPHARYNGEAL SPACE 117
PARAPHARYNGEAL SPACE 118
SUBMANDIBULAR SPACE 120
Chapter 2.6 TUMOURS OF THE NASOPHARYNX 122
CARCINOMA 122
ANGIOFIBROMA 124
OTHER TUMOURS 125
Chapter 2.7 TUMOURS OF THE OROPHARYNX 126
Chapter 2.8 TUMOURS OF THE HYPOPHARYNX 129
Chapter 2.9 TUMOURS OF THE ORAL CAVITY 134
TREATMENT POLICY 135
Chapter 2.10 BENIGN DISEASES OF THE ORAL CAVITY 138
ULCERS 138
WHITE LESIONS 139
RED LESIONS 139
CYSTIC LESIONS 140
SPECIFIC TONGUE LESIONS 140
Chapter 2.11 SALIVARY GLAND DISEASE 142
SURGICAL ANATOMY 142
SURGICAL PATHOLOGY 143
BENIGN TUMOURS 143
MALIGNANT TUMOURS 144
TUMOURS OF VARIABLE MALIGNANCY 145
RARE TUMOURS 146
NON-NEOPLASTIC SALIVARY DISEASE 147
INVESTIGATIONS OF SIALOMEGALY 148
TREATMENT POLICY 151
COMPLICATIONS OF PAROTIDECTOMY 154
Chapter 2.12 ANATOMY OF THE LARYNX 155
SKELETON 156
MUSCLES 157
NERVE SUPPLY 160
BLOOD SUPPLY 160
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE 160
HISTOLOGY 161
LARYNGEAL COMPARTMENTS 161
LARYNGEAL SPACES 161
FUNCTION 162
Chapter 2.13 INVESTIGATION OF LARYNGEAL DISEASE 163
Chapter 2.14 VOICE PROBLEMS 168
PHYSIOLOGY OF VOICE PRODUCTION 168
VOICE STRAIN 169
ACID LARYNGITIS 170
VOCAL NODULES 170
DYSPHONIA PLICAE VENTRICULARIS 171
SPASTIC DYSPHONIA 171
PUBOPHONIA 172
THE TRANSEXUAL VOICE 172
Chapter 2.15 LARYNGEAL INFECTIONS 173
ACUTE LARYNGITIS 173
ACUTE ALLERGIC LARYNGITIS 174
CHRONIC LARYNGITIS 174
PERICHONDRITIS OF THE LARYNX 175
MYCOSIS OF THE LARYNX 175
TUBERCULOSIS OF THE LARYNX 176
SYPHILIS OF THE LARYNX 177
SCLEROMA OF THE LARYNX 177
LEPROSY 177
ARTHRITIS OF THE CRICOARYTENOID JOINT 177
Chapter 2.16 RARE LARYNGEAL TUMOURS 179
BENIGN TUMOURS 179
MALIGNANT TUMOURS 182
Chapter 2.17 CANCER OF THE LARYNX 184
LEUCOPLAKIA 185
SUPRAGLOTTIC CANCER 185
GLOTTIC CANCER 188
TRANSGLOTTIC TUMOURS 188
SUBGLOTTIC CANCER 190
NEOGLOTTIS OPERATIONS 191
Chapter 2.18 VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS 193
UNILATERAL ADDUCTOR PARALYSIS 194
BILATERAL ADDUCTOR PARALYSIS 195
UNILATERAL ABDUCTOR PARALYSIS 195
BILATERAL ABDUCTOR PARALYSIS 196
BILATERAL ADDUCTOR PARALYSIS (FUNCTIONAL APHONIA) 197
Chapter 2.19 LARYNGOTRACHEAL TRAUMA 198
ACUTE LARYNGOTRACHEAL TRAUMA 198
CHRONIC LARYNGOTRACHEAL STENOSIS 202
Chapter 2.20 TRACHEOSTOMY 204
FUNCTION OF A TRACHEOSTOMY 204
TYPES OF TRACHEOSTOMY 205
TRACHEOSTOMY TUBES 205
TECHNIQUE OF TRACHEOSTOMY 206
TECHNIQUE OF LARYNGOTOMY 207
POSTOPERATIVE CARE 208
COMPLICATIONS 209
TRACHEOSTOMY VERSUS INTUBATION 210
Chapter 2.21 NECK MASSES 211
BENIGN NECK MASSES 211
MALIGNANT NECK MASSES 214
MANAGEMENT OF A MASS IN THE NECK 219
Chapter 2.22 CANCER OF THE NOSE AND SINUSES 222
Chapter 2.23 TUMOURS OF THE EAR 225
TUMOURS OF THE AURICLE 225
CARCINOMA OF THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS 225
CARCINOMA OF THE MIDDLE EAR AND MASTOID 226
GLOMUS TUMOURS 227
Section 3: THE EAR 230
Chapter 3.1 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 232
ANATOMY 232
PHYSIOLOGY OF HEARING 246
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE VESTIBULAR APPARATUS 248
Chapter 3.2 INVESTIGATION OF EAR DISEASE 250
HISTORY 250
CLINICAL EXAMINATION 252
LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS 255
HEARING TESTS 255
RADIOGRAPHY 255
REFERRED OTALGIA 256
Chapter 3.3 AUDIOLOGY AND VESTIBULOMETRY 259
AUDIOLOGY 259
VESTIBULOMETRY 269
Chapter 3.4 DISEASES OF THE EXTERNAL EAR 276
THE AURICLE 276
THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS 277
Chapter 3.5 ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA IN ADULTS 291
EUSTACHIAN TUBE DYSFUNCTION 291
ABNORMAL PATENCY OF THE EUSTACHIAN TUBE 291
ACUTE CATARRHAL OTITIS MEDIA 292
ACUTE MIDDLE-EAR EFFUSION 293
ACUTE SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA 293
Chapter 3.6. CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA 295
CHRONIC MIDDLE-EAR EFFUSION 295
CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA 296
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA 301
TUBERCULOUS OTITIS MEDIA 305
Chapter 3.7 EXTRACRANIAL COMPLICATIONS OF OTITIS MEDIA 307
ACUTE MASTOIDITIS 308
MASKED MASTOIDITIS 312
CHRONIC MASTOIDITIS 313
PETROSITIS 313
LABYRINTHITIS 314
Chapter 3.8 INTRACRANIAL COMPLICATIONS OF OTITIS MEDIA 317
EXTRADURAL ABSCESS 317
LATERAL SINUS THROMBOSIS 319
OTITIC HYDROCEPHALUS 322
MENINGITIS 322
CIRCUMSCRIBED SEROUS MENINGITIS 324
SUBDURAL ABSCESS 328
CORTICAL THROMBOPHLEBITIS 329
Chapter 3.9 OTOSCLEROSIS 330
AETIOLOGY 330
PATHOLOGY 330
SYMPTOMS 331
EXAMINATION 331
TREATMENT 331
COMPLICATIONS 334
PROGNOSIS 334
Chapter 3.10 SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS 335
DEAFNESS DUE TO INFECTION 335
PRESBYACUSIS 337
OTOTOXICITY 337
TOPICAL OTOTOXICITY 337
OTHER CAUSES OF SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS 338
SUDDEN IDIOPATHIC DEAFNESS 338
HEARING AIDS 339
PSYCHOGENIC DEAFNESS AND MALINGERING 341
Chapter 3.11 TINNITUS 342
Chapter 3.12 VERTIGO 344
THE POSITIONAL VERTIGOS 345
VERTIGO AS AN ISOLATED SYMPTOM 346
VERTIGO PLUS DEAFNESS PLUS TINNITUS 347
VERTIGO WITH SIGNS OF INTRACRAMAL DISEASE 351
Chapter 3.13 CEREBELLOPONTINE ANGLE TUMOURS 352
Chapter 3.14 OTOLOGICAL TRAUMA 358
FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EAR 358
HEAD INJURY WITH FRACTURE OF THE TEMPORAL BONE 359
HEAD AND NECK INJURY WITHOUT FRACTURE 360
LABYRINTHINE WINDOW RUPTURE 361
DIVING AND BLAST INJURIES 362
NOISE-INDUCED DEAFNESS 363
SURGICAL TRAUMA 365
Chapter 3.15 THE FACIAL NERVE 366
ANATOMY 367
BELL'S PALSY 369
Section 4: PAEDIATRICS 374
Chapter 4.1 TONSILS AND ADENOIDS 376
TONSILS 376
ADENOIDS 380
Chapter 4.2 THE CATARRHAL CHILD 385
SINUSITIS IN CHILDREN 388
CONGENITAL CHOANAL ATRESIA 390
Chapter 4.3 LARYNGEAL STRIDOR 394
CONGENITAL ANOMALIES 396
APYREXIAL ACQUIRED STRIDOR 400
INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS 402
Chapter 4.4 ENDOSCOPY 405
LARYNGOSCOPY 405
BRONCHOSCOPY 405
MICROLARYNGOSCOPY 408
Chapter 4.5 INTUBATION AND TRACHEOSTOMY 409
INTUBATION 410
TRACHEOSTOMY 410
Chapter 4.6 SUBGLOTTIC STENOSIS 413
Chapter 4.7 TUMOURS OF THE HEAD AND NECK 415
INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS AFFECTING NECK NODES 415
BENIGN TUMOURS IN THE NECK 417
MALIGNANT TUMOURS OF THE HEAD AND NECK 418
TUMOURS OF THE NOSE AND SINUSES 419
Chapter 4.8 DEAFNESS IN CHILDREN 422
EMBRYOLOGY OF THE EAR 422
CONGENITAL CONDUCTIVE DEAFNESS 423
SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS 425
UNILATERAL DEAFNESS 433
Chapter 4.9 ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA AND MASTOIDITIS 435
IN INFANCY 435
IN CHILDHOOD 437
ACUTE MASTOIDITIS 441
Chapter 4.10 SECRETORY OTITIS MEDIA 445
Index 456