Diseases of the Nervous System

Dr. Sontheimer is a researcher and educator with a life-long interest in Neuroscience. A native of Germany, he obtained a Masters degree in evolutionary comparative Neuroscience, where he worked on the development of occulomotor reflexes. In 1989, he obtained a doctorate in Biophysics and Cellular & Molecular Neuroscience form the University of Heidelberg studying biophysical changes that accompany the development of oligodendrocytes, the principle myelinating cells of the nervous system. He moved to the United States, where he later became a citizen, for post-doctoral studies at Yale University. His independent research career began at Yale in 1991 and continued at the University of Alabama Birmingham from 1994-2015, and, more recently at Virginia Tech and the University of Virginia. His research focuses on the role of glial support cells in health and disease. His laboratory has made major discoveries that led to two clinical trials using novel compounds to treat malignant gliomas. His research led to over 190 peer-reviewed publications. For the clinical development of his discoveries, Dr. Sontheimer started a biotechnologies company, Transmolecular Inc., which conducted both phase I and II clinical trials with the anti-cancer agent chlorotoxin. Morphotec Pharmaceuticals, who will be conducting the phase III clinical trials, recently acquired this technology. As educator, Dr. Sontheimer has been active in teaching Medical Neuroscience, graduate Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, and, for the past 10 years, he has offered both graduate and undergraduate courses on Diseases of the Nervous System. In 2005, Dr. Sontheimer became director of the Civitan International Research Center, a philanthropically supported center in Birmingham AL devoted to the study and treatment of children with developmental disabilities, ranging from Down’s syndrome to Autism. In this capacity, Dr. Sontheimer was frequently tasked explaining complex scientific processes to a lay audience. Recognizing the need to further educate the public about neurological disorders using language that is accessible to an educated public motivated Dr. Sontheimer to write a textbook on Diseases of the Nervous system. To assure that the material is comprehensive yet readily understandable, he wrote large parts of this text while on sabbatical leave at Rhodes College in Memphis, where he taught undergraduates while testing his book on this group of talented third and fourth year Neuroscience students. In 2015 Dr. Sontheimer was tapped to found a School of Neuroscience at Virginia Tech with the goal to offer a unique Neuroscience education to an increasing number of undergraduates. As the first of its kind, this enterprise devoted an entire School to a variety of Neuroscience experiences that include majors in clinical, experimental, cognitive, systems, computational and social Neuroscience. In 2020 Dr. Sontheimer was recruited to the University of Virginia, School of Medicine as Chair of Neuroscience with the mission to build this Department into a leading research enterprise devoted to discovery and translation science in Neuroimmunology and Neurodegenerative diseases. Dr. Sontheimer continues to manage a very active research laboratory where he involves a spectrum of trainees ranging from undergraduates to post-doctoral scientists. Dr. Sontheimer has trained over 50 Ph.D. and MD/Ph.D students and post-doctoral fellows, many of whom have independent faculty positions today.

Introduction

Section I. Static Nervous System Diseases1. Cerebrovascular Infarct - Stroke2. Central Nervous System Trauma3. Seizure Disorders and Epilepsy

Section II. Progressive Neurodegenerative Diseases4. Aging, Dementia, and Alzheimer’s Disease5. Parkinson’s Disease6. Diseases of Motor Neurons and Neuromuscular Junctions7. Huntington’s Disease

Section III. Secondary Progressive Neurodegenerative Diseases8. Multiple Sclerosis9. Brain Tumors10. Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System

Section IV. Developmental Neurological Conditions11. Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Section V. Neuropsychiatric Illnesses12. Mood Disorders and Depression13. Schizophrenia

Section VI. Common Concepts in Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Illnesses14. Shared Mechanisms of Disease

Section VII. Bench-to-Bedside Translation15. Drug Discovery and Personalized Medicine

Section VIII. Neuroscience Jargon16. "Neuro"-dictionary