Front Cover 1
Proceedings of the Sixth New England Bioengineering Conference 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
PREFACE 22
PLENARY SESSION 24
KEYNOTE ADDRESS 24
"WHAT IS NEW IN VENTRICULAR DEFIBRILLATION?" 24
Session 1: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 26
CHAPTER 1. PERFORMANCE OF THE RHONE-POULENC NON-OCCLUSIVE ROLLER BLOOD PUMP 26
INTRODUCTION 26
PUMP DISPLACEMENT 26
EFFECT OF OUTLET PRESSURE 27
PUMP PERFORMANCE IN AN EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCUIT 27
DISCUSSION 28
REFERENCES 28
CHAPTER 2. DESIGN OF A SYSTEM TO SIMULATE THE FLUID MECHANICS OF THE HUMAN LEFT VENTRICLE 30
INTRODUCTION 30
DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM 30
SAMPLE RESULTS 31
REFERENCES 33
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 33
CHAPTER 3. ANALYSIS OF THE DIASTOLIC PRESSURE-VOLUME RELATIONSHIP USING AN ELLIPSOIDAL REPRESENTATION OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE 34
Introduction 34
The Model 34
Results 35
Discussion 35
References 37
CHAPTER 4. NON-INVASIVE CARDIAC OUTPUT ESTIMATION BASED UPON AN ANALOG MODEL OF THE AORTA COMPARISON WITH THERMO-DILUTION METHOD IN 13 PATIENTS
I. Introduction 38
II. Method 39
III. Results 40
IV. Discussion 41
Acknowledgment 42
References 42
CHAPTER 5. AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE SELF CLEANING HEART VALVE 43
ABSTRACT 43
1. INTRODUCTION 43
2. THEORETICAL ANALYSIS 44
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 45
REFERENCES 46
CHAPTER 6. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS AND LEFT VENTRICULAR ASYNERGY: A COMPUTERIZED STUDY TO EVALUATE LV WALL MOTION 47
INTRODUCTION 47
PROCEDURE 47
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 48
RESULTS 49
COMMENTS 49
REFERENCES 51
CHAPTER 7. A FOUR-CHANNEL CARDIAC DIMENSION GAUGE USING INDUCTIVELY COUPLED COILS 52
REFERENCES 53
CHAPTER 8. KOROTKOFF SOUNDS - A PHENOMENON ASSOCIATED WITH PARAMETRIC INSTABILITY OF FLUID FILLED ELASTIC TUBE 56
Introduction 56
The Mathematical Model 56
Experimental set-up and results 59
References 59
Session 2: BIOMECHANICS 60
CHAPTER 9. AN INSTRUMENTED LAXITY TEST OF THE KNEE 60
INTRODUCTION 60
METHOD 60
RESULTS 60
CONCLUSIONS 61
CHAPTER 10. THE DYNAMICS OF THE CENTER OF MASS IN THE ANALYSIS OF NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL GAIT 62
INTRODUCTION 62
METHODS AND MATERIALS 62
RESULTS 63
SUMMARY 65
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 65
BIBLIOGRAPHY 65
CHAPTER 11. FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLES DURING PATHOLOGICAL GAIT 66
I. Introduction 66
II. Methods 66
III. Results & Discussion
IV. Acknowledgements 69
References 69
CHAPTER 12. A THREE DIMENSIONAL ENERGETIC ANALYSIS OF NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL GAIT 70
INTRODUCTION 70
METHODS 70
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 72
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 73
REFERENCES 73
CHAPTER 13. THE BIOMECHANICS OF LOWER EXTREMITY INJURIES IN HUMAN-POWERED TRANSPORTATION 74
References 77
CHAPTER 14. FORCE ANALYSIS OF ELBOW FLEXORS 78
INTRODUCTION 78
MATERIAL AND METHOD 78
RESULTS 79
REFERENCES 80
CHAPTER 15. KINEMATICS AND PATHOKINEMATICS OF THE KNEE JOINT, STUDIED BY THE INSTANT AXIS CONCEPT 83
INTRODUCTION 83
MECHANICAL CONCEPTS 83
ERROR ANALYSIS 84
EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP, DATA REDUCTION AND RESULTS 85
DISCUSSION 85
REFERENCES 85
Session 3: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE 87
CHAPTER 16. MICROPROCESSOR-BASED MODULES AND SYSTEMS FOR INTENSIVE-CARE PATIENTS 87
1. Patient Oriented 87
2. Physician Oriented 87
3. System Oriented 88
CHAPTER 17. AN INEXPENSIVE MICROCOMPUTER TREND MONITORING SYSTEM 90
INTRODUCTION 90
SYSTEM DESIGN 90
RESULTS 91
CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY 93
REFERENCES 93
CHAPTER 18. A MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM FOR QUANTITATIVE RADIOLOGY 94
HARDWARE 94
SOFTWARE 95
REFERENCES 96
CHAPTER 19. COMPUTER ASSISTED FLUID BALANCE 98
INTRODUCTION 98
DESIGN CRITERIOR 98
CONVENTIONS 98
OPERATIONAL ASPECTS 98
DISCUSSION 100
SUMMARY 100
CHAPTER 20. A COMPUTERIZED PULMONARY SPECTRAL PHONOGRAPH 102
Abstract 102
Introduction 102
System Overview 102
Filtration 103
Conclusion 105
Acknowledgements 105
References 105
CHAPTER 21. FAST COMPUTER CONTROL FOR DUPLEX DOPPLER AND B-MODE ULTRASONOGRAPHY 106
Introduction 106
System Block Diagram 108
The Program 109
Conclusion 109
CHAPTER 22. EVALUATION OF PROGRAMS FOR COMPUTER ECG INTERPRETATION 110
ABSTRACT 110
INTRODUCTION 110
METHOD 111
RESULTS - Acceptance Ratings 111
RESULTS - Diagnostic Performance 111
Summary of Difficulties and Weaknesses in Each Program 112
Programmer's Reply to Complaints on Program 112
Discussion 113
Acknowledgements 113
REFERENCE 113
CHAPTER 23. A COMPUTERIZED GLAUCOMA CENTER DATA BASE RESEARCH RESOURCE 116
Introduction 116
Characteristics Required of Ophthalmologic Data Bases 117
The Need for Ophthalmic Data Bases 118
Acknowledgements 118
References 118
Session 4: BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION 120
CHAPTER 24. A WHEELCHAIR ERGOMETER ADAPTABLE TO VARIOUS WHEELCHAIRS 120
References 122
CHAPTER 25. DESIGN OF A WHEELCHAIR DYNAMOMETER 123
INTRODUCTION 124
DESCRIPTION 124
UTILIZATION 126
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 127
CHAPTER 26. ASSESSMENT OF CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS BY NO-TOUCH OCULAR PULSE 128
Abstract 128
I. Introduction 128
II. Methods 128
III. Results 129
IV. Discussion 129
References 130
CHAPTER 27. NON-INVASIVE TECHNIQUES IN DETECTION OF EXTRACRANIAL ARTERIAL DISEASE: A CLINICAL EVALUATION 132
Abstract 132
Introduction 132
Procedures 133
Results 133
Discussion & Conclusion
CHAPTER 28. AN IMPROVED LASER DOPPLER MICROSCOPE FOR MEASUREMENT OF IN VIVO VELOCITY DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE MICROCIRCULATION 136
References 137
CHAPTER 29. THICK FILM HYBRID INTEGRATED CIRCUITS FOR MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION 140
CHAPTER 30. DESIGN AND TESTS OF A BODY PLETHYSMOGRAPH AND PNEUMATIC DIFFERENTIATOR 144
REFERENCES 147
Session 5: ARTIFICIAL ORGANS 148
CHAPTER 31. AN ELECTROTHERMAL HEART ASSIST DEVICE 148
Abstract 148
I. Introduction 148
II. Design of an Electrothermal Drive Unit 148
III. Results 149
IV. Discussion and Conclusion 150
Acknowledgements 150
References 150
CHAPTER 32. IMPROVED SERVOCONTROLLED LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE 152
REFERENCES 153
CHAPTER 33. "INVESTIGATION OF MICROPOROUS TEFLON TUBINGS FOR USE IN AN ARTIFICIAL GLOMERULUS" 156
METHODS 156
RESULTS 157
CONCLUSIONS 157
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 157
REFERENCES 158
CHAPTER 34. TECHNIQUES FOR HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF HYBRID ARTIFICIAL ORGANS 160
THREE-DIMENSIONAL TISSUE CULTURE 160
THE "POKER CHIP" DESIGN 161
PREPARATION FOR HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES 162
HISTOLOGIC RESULTS 162
REFERENCES 163
CHAPTER 35. ELECTROMYOGRAM-TRIGGERED DIAPHRAGM PACER 164
INTRODUCTION 164
METHOD 164
THE PATIENT 166
RESULTS 166
DISCUSSION 166
BIBLIOGRAPHY 167
CHAPTER 36. MASS TRANSFER IN A TWO-PHASE (LIQUID-LIQUID) CROSSFLOW BLOOD OXYGENATOR 168
INTRODUCTION 168
A MASS TRANSFER MODEL 168
RESULTS 169
CONCLUSIONS 170
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 170
REFERENCES 171
CHAPTER 37. PERTURBATION OF PROSTHESIS ALIGNMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON BELOW-KNEE AMPUTEES 172
INTRODUCTION 172
THE ALIGNMENT PROCESS VIEWED AS AN OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE 172
MINIMUM MECHANICAL ENERGY EXPENDITURE 172
MODIFIED VAPC ALIGNMENT UNIT 173
PROSTHESIS LOADING AND STUMP STRESSES 174
ANALYSIS OF SUBJECT MOTION 175
SUMMARY 175
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 175
Session 6: SPORTS MEDICINE 176
CHAPTER 38. MEDICAL SERVICES XIII WINTER OLYMPIC GAMES LAKE PLACID, NEW YORK 176
CHAPTER 39. AN ANALYSIS OF SHOT PUT 179
CHAPTER 40. A SHOE FOR MEASURING FOOT-TO-GROUND FORCES WHILE RUNNING 181
CHAPTER 41. THE BOSTON BRACE FOR BACK INJURIES IN ATHLETES : MECHANICS 185
REFERENCES 188
CHAPTER 42. SKIER FALLS AND INJURIES: VIDEO TAPE AND SURVEY STUDY OF MECHANISMS 189
ABSTRACT 189
Conclusion 192
Bibliography 192
CHAPTER 43. THE ROLE OF THE MUSCULATURE IN INJURIES TO THE MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT 198
INTRODUCTION 198
MATERIALS AND METHODS 198
RESULTS 200
DISCUSSION 200
CONCLUSIONS 200
REFERENCES 201
CHAPTER 44. IN VIVO MEASUREMENT OF KNEE JOINT LAXITY 202
Session 7: ULTRASOUND 205
CHAPTER 45. NEARFIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOMEDICAL ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS 205
Abstract 205
I. INTRODUCTION 205
II. THE DATA MEASUREMENT SYSTEM 206
III. ACOUSTIC FIELD DATA 207
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 207
CHAPTER 46. COMPUTER CONTROL OF ANALOG DELAY LINES FOR B-MODE ULTRASONOGRAPHY 209
INTRODUCTION 209
SYSTEM DESIGN 209
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 211
CONCLUSION 211
References 211
CHAPTER 47. ULTRASONIC IDENTIFICATION OF MICROPARTICLES IN EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCUITS 213
SUMMARY 214
References 214
Session 8: IMAGING AND SIGNAL PROCESSING 217
CHAPTER 48. ARMA MODELING OF THE NON-PERIODIC COMPONENT AND PATTERN CLASSIFICATION OF SHORT TIME SERIES FROM HUMAN PLASMA 217
I. INTRODUCTION 217
II. MATERIAL AND METHODS 217
III. RESULTS 219
IV. CONCLUSION 220
REFERENCES 220
CHAPTER 49. RESULTS OF A FEATURE EVALUATION STUDY FOR THE AUTOMATED DISCRIMINATION OF LEUKOCYTES 221
Abstract 221
Introduction 221
The Data Set and Feature Groups 221
Feature Selection 222
References 222
CHAPTER 50. BIOMECHANICS APPLICATIONS OF DIRECT LINEAR TRANSFORMATION IN CLOSE-RANGE PHOTOCRAMMETRY 225
Abstract 225
INTRODUCTION 225
DIRECT LINEAR TRANSFORMATION 226
CAMERA CALIBRATION 227
3-D RECONSTRUCTION 228
A TYPICAL APPLICATION 229
SUMMARY 229
REFERENCES 229
CHAPTER 51. COMPUTER AIDED CYTOPHOTOMETRY FOR KINETIC STUDIES OF TUMOR CELL GROWTH AND LYMPHOCYTE BLASTOGENESIS 230
Introduction 230
Analytical Model 230
Computational Procedure 231
Discussion 232
Acknowledgements 232
References 233
Session 9: BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION 234
CHAPTER 52. PhD/MD TRAINING IN BICMEDICAL ENGINEERING 234
INTRODUCTION 234
DESCRIPTION OF THE PhD/MD PROGRAM 235
INTERDISCIPLINARY CHARACTER 235
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 237
CHAPTER 53. HOW TO TEACH PHYSIOLOGY TO ENGINEERS 238
CHAPTER 54. A REGIONAL MODEL FOR A HOSPITAL BASED CLINICAL ENGINEERING INTERNSHIP PROGRAM 241
INTRODUCTION 241
OBJECTIVES OF HOSPITAL BASED CLINICAL ENGINEERING INTERNSHIP PROGRAM 241
TWO PHASES OF THE INTERNSHIP PROGRAM 242
IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF THE PROGRAM 242
PREREQUISITES THAT A HOSPITAL MUST MEET PRIOR TO DEVELOPING A CLINICAL ENGINEERING INTERNSHIP PROGRAM 243
CONCLUSIONS 243
REFERENCES 244
CHAPTER 55. EDUCATION OF THE BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING PROFESSIONAL 245
REFERENCES 248
CHAPTER 56. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES PROJECTS AT THE WPI-ST. VINCENT HOSPITAL PROJECT CENTER 249
Abstract 249
INTRODUCTION 249
REPRESENTATIVE STUDENT PROJECTS 249
DISCUSSION 250
SUMMARY 251
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 252
REFERENCES 252
CHAPTER 57. CROSSINSTITUTIONAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE PROGRAM AT DREXEL UNIVERSITY 253
Introduction 253
CHAPTER 58. CASE STUDIES OF CROSS INSTITUTIONAL MULTI-DISCIPLINARY COOPERATION 254
1. Image Processing & Pattern Recognition
2. Biomedical Materials 254
3. Rehabilitation Engineering 255
4. Studies of Smooth Muscle Contractility Using Chronically Implanted Transducers and Telemetry Systems 255
5. Optimization of Chronic Cerebellar Stimulation 256
6. Bioelectrochemistry, Electrical Impedance and Biocompatability 256
References 256
CHAPTER 59. TUTORIAL: BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 257
I. Introduction 258
II. Classifying Images 258
III. Three-Dimensional Images and Two-Dimensional Images 258
IV Some Special Kinds of "Tomographic" Cameras 259
V Some New Approaches to Three-Dimensional Imaging 259
VI Conclusion 260
References 260
Session 10: BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 265
CHAPTER 60. RADIONUCLIDE TECHNIQUES FOR EVALUATING CARDIAC FUNCTION 265
References 267
CHAPTER 61. CURRENT APPLICATIONS OF TEMPORALLY CODED APERTURES IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE 270
References 272
CHAPTER 62. EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 274
Useful References 277
CHAPTER 63. COMPUTERIZED IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION IN CLASSICAL TOMOGRAPHY 278
Summary 278
I. Introduction 278
II. Computerized Serioscopy 279
III. Computerized Tomosynthesis 281
IV. Correlation Filtering 282
V. Conclusion 284
VI. References 284
CHAPTER 64. REAL TIME TWO DIMENSIONAL ULTRASOUND IMAGING 285
INTRODUCTION 285
THE PHASED ARRAY PRINCIPLE 285
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 286
SUMMARY 288
Session 11: BIOELECTRIC PHENOMENA 289
CHAPTER 65. CLINICAL ENGINEERING IN PSYCHIATRY: AUTOMATED SLEEP EEG AND EOG ANALYSIS 289
Introduction 289
Methods of EEG and EOG Analysis 289
Application and Results 290
CHAPTER 66. UTILIZATION OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM FOR SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IN A NEURAL CIRCUIT ASSOCIATED WITH SLEEP-WAKING 293
INTRODUCTION 293
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 293
COMPUTERIZED SPECTRAL ANALYSIS 294
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 295
REFERENCES 296
CHAPTER 67. HIGH COHERENCE BETWEEN LIMBIC THETA RHYTHM AND SNIFFING IN THE HAMSTER: IMPLICATIONS FOR OLFACTORY-LIMBIC INTEGRATION AND HORMONAL REGULATION 297
REFERENCES 300
CHAPTER 68. RESPONSES OF JOINT AFFERENT NEURONS TO LOADINGS OF ISOLATED JOINT CAPSULE 301
Introduction 301
Methods 301
Theory 301
Cylindrical Probe 302
Spherical Probe 302
Results 303
Conclusions 304
References 304
Acknowledgements 304
CHAPTER 69. CURRENT RESPONSE OF BILAYER MEMBRANES EXPOSED TO TWO ANESTHETICS, CARBOCAINE AND TETRACAINE 305
INTRODUCTION 305
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 305
RESULTS 306
DISCUSSION 306
References 306
CHAPTER 70. ANALOG COMPUTATION OF CARDIAC DIPOLE LOCATION 309
References 310
CHAPTER 71. EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF THREE METHODS OF PROCESSING EVOKED POTENTIALS 312
INTRODUCTION 312
PROCEDURE 313
RESULTS 313
SUMMARY 314
REFERENCES 314
FIGURE CAPTIONS 314
CHAPTER 72. A TECHNIQUE FOR OBSERVING IN-VIVO RESPONSES TO ELECTRICAL STIMULATION USING RABBIT EAR CHAMBERS 316
INTRODUCTION 316
MATERIALS AND METHODS 316
RESULTS 317
CONCLUSIONS 317
REFERENCES 318
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 318
CHAPTER 73. CONTROLLABILITY OF NONLINEAR ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC PROCESSORS 320
INTRODUCTION 320
METHODOLOGY 320
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 323
References 323
Session 12: BIOMATERIALS 326
CHAPTER 74. A POROUS SURFACED DIAPHYSEAL PROSTHESIS FOR LONG BONES 326
CHAPTER 75. SHEAR STRENGTH OF METAL WIRE REINFORCED ACRYLIC BONE CEMENT 329
References 331
Acknowledgment 331
CHAPTER 76. IMPROVEMENT OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE BY GRAPHITE FIBRE REINFORCEMENT 332
CHAPTER 77. GRAPHITE FIBER REINFORCED POLYMETHYLMATHACRYLATE AS A BIOMATERIAL 334
References 335
CHAPTER 78. CHEMICALLY ETCHED, MICROFIBRILLAR POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE AS A BIOMATERIAL 336
Materials and Methods 336
Results and Discussion 337
Conclusion 338
Bibliography 338
CHAPTER 79. EVALUATION AND TESTING OF SPINAL FIXATION RODS 340
CHAPTER 80. COMPARISON OF IN-VITRO AND IN-VIVO PASSIVATION STUDIES OF IMPLANTABLE ANODES 344
I. Abstract 344
II. Introduction 344
III. Experimental Procedures 345
Results and Discussion 345
Acknowledgements 347
References 347
CHAPTER 81. ACOUSTIC DETERMINATION OF THE BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF IMPLANTS 348
Introduction 348
Experimental Procedures 349
Results and Discussion 349
Acknowledgements 351
References 351
Session 13: BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION II 352
CHAPTER 82. DIFFERENTIAL COOLING EFFECTS IN CRYOSUEGERY 352
ABSTRACT 352
INTRODUCTION 352
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 354
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 355
LIST CF SYMBOLS 355
BIBLIOGRAPHY 355
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 355
CHAPTER 83. RADIATION EXPOSURE FOR COMMON DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES: VARIATION DUE TO EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUE FACTORS 356
Methods 356
EXAM 356
Results 356
Discussion 357
REFERENCES 357
CHAPTER 84. A "SELF CORRECTING" ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC and VECTORCARDIOGRAPHIC LEAD SYSTEM 358
References 361
CHAPTER 85. A NEW FIBER OPTIC INTERFEROMETRIC TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING MICROVIBRATIONS IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY 362
I. ABSTRACT 362
II. INTRODUCTION 362
III. THE INSTRUMENT 362
IV. REFERENCES 363
CHAPTER 86. INFORMATION RATE VIA VIBROTACTILE, TWO-DIMENSIONAL "PHANTOM" SENSATION 365
INTRODUCTION 365
LOCATION ON THE BODY FOR STIMULATION 365
OPTIMUM INFORMATION INPUT PARAMETERS 365
PERCEPTION OF THE PHANTOM DISPLAY 366
INFORMATION RATE MEASUREMENT 366
TRACKING TASKS 366
TRACKING RATE 366
ERRORS IN TRACKING 367
DISPLAY RESOLUTION 367
"ARRAY OF VIBRATORS TESTS" 367
INFORMATION RATE 368
OTHER EXPERIMENTS 368
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 368
CONCLUSION 368
REFERENCES 368
CHAPTER 87. A PHYSICAL MODEL FOR THE DETECTION OF NEONATAL JAUNDICE BY MULTISPECTRAL SKIN REFLECTANCE ANALYSIS 369
INTRODUCTION 369
PHYSICAL MODEL 369
RESULTS 371
REFERENCES 372
CHAPTER 88. IN VIVO STUDY OF HUMAN SKIN RHEOLOGY 373
ABSTRACT 373
Introduction 373
Test Setup and Skin Transducer 373
Transducer Calibration 374
Test Protocol and Data Analysis 374
References 375
CHAPTER 89. SIGNAL PROCESSING USING CHARGE-COUPLED DEVICES 378
ABSTRACT 378
INTRODUCTION 378
DESIGN AND OPERATION 378
SIGNAL PROCESSING CONFIGURATION 379
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS 379
CONCLUSION 380
REFERENCES 380
Session 14: BIOMECHANICS II 381
CHAPTER 90. SHEAR STRENGTH OF TRABECULAR BONE FROM THE FEMUR 381
MATERIAL 382
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE 382
RESULTS 382
DISCUSSION 383
CONCLUSIONS 383
REFERENCES 383
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 383
CHAPTER 91. THE EFFECT OF FLUORIDE ON THE HARDNESS AND STRUCTURE OF BONE: A PRELIMINARY STUDY 385
References 386
CHAPTER 92. EVALUATION OF INTRATHORACIC RESPONSE USING HIGH-SPEED CINERADIOGRAPHY 388
Abstract 388
Equipment and Methodology 388
Results and Discussion 389
CHAPTER 93. NORMAL MODES OF VIBRATION OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN 393
I. Introduction 393
II. Simple beam theory 393
III. Discrete structure theory 394
References 394
Acknowledgements 395
CHAPTER 94. THE BEHAVIOR OF THE THORACOLUMBAR SPINE IN THE MAST SUIT 397
INTRODUCTION 397
RESULTS 398
DISCUSSION 398
CONCLUSIONS 398
BIBLIOGRAPHY 399
CHAPTER 95. INSPIRATORY FLOW PATTERNS FOR THE MECHANICAL VENTILATION OF THE LUNGS 401
Introduction 401
Optimal Flow Pattern 401
Comparison of Inspiratory Flow Patterns 402
Discussion 404
References 404
CHAPTER 96. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF AN ELLIPTICAL HOLE IN STRETCHED SKIN 405
INTRODUCTION 405
FINITE ELEMENT PROGRAM 405
NUMERICAL RESULTS 406
ELLIPTICAL HOLE 406
TENSION FIELD THEORY 408
CONCLUSION 408
REFERENCES 408
Session 15: MODELING AND SIMULATION 409
CHAPTER 97. IMPACTION OF CHARGED PARTICLES IN A BEND 409
CONCLUSIONS 412
REFERENCES 412
CHAPTER 98. THE FITTING OF A QUADRATIC MODEL TO AN INTERACTIVE SYSTEM WITH FOUR COMPONENTS 413
ABSTRACT 413
REFERENCES 417
CHAPTER 99. THEORETICAL ASSESSMENT OF A VALIDATION TECHNIQUE FOR NONLINEAR PHYSIOLOGICAL MODELS 418
INTRODUCTION 418
METHOD 418
RESULTS 419
DISCUSSION 420
REFERENCES 420
CHAPTER 100. USE OF EXTENDED TOPOLOGY IN MODELING SENSORY PROJECTIONS 422
Introduction 422
Set-Valued Set Functions 423
Neighborhoods and Convergents 423
Receptive Fields 423
References 425
CHAPTER 101. MONITORING OF ARGON GAS TRANSPORT IN TISSUE 426
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 427
RESULTS 427
DISCUSSION 428
REFERENCES 429
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 429
CHAPTER 102. BIOENGINEERING AND BIOPHYSICAL MODELING: SOME IMPLICATIONS OF A NEW THEORY OF VISION, ANGULAR RESOLUTION OF VISUAL DETAIL, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARTIFICIAL OR SUBSTITUTE EYE 430
Is Visual Information Proportional to Amplitude Squared? 430
Experimental Configuration 430
Angular Acuity 431
Biophysical Modeling and Substitute Vision 432
CHAPTER 103. MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF SYNAPTIC FACILITATION AND CONDITIONING 434
INTRODUCTION 434
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS 434
MATHEMATICAL MODEL 435
DISCUSSION 436
REFERENCES 436
CHAPTER 104. PERIODIC MOTION IN AN INTERCONNECTED NETWORK WITH NEURON-LIKE ELEMENTS 438
ABSTRACT 438
I. INTRODUCTION 438
II. INTERCONNECTED NETWORK WITH NEURON-LIKE ELEMENTS 439
III. PERIODIC MOTION 440
REFERENCES 441
AUTHOR INDEX 442