Disinfection of Root Canal Systems

Dr. Nestor Cohenca serves as Professor of Endodontics and Adjunct Professor of Pediatric Dentistry at the University of Washington. He is the Director of Endodontics and Traumatology at the Center for Pediatric Dentistry and Seattle Children's Hospital. Prior to his current appointment, Dr. Cohenca was on faculty at the University of Southern California and The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He has published extensively on endodontic topics, and speaks at U.S. and international dental conferences.

Contributors vii

Introduction ix

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xiii


Part 1: Background 1

1 Root Canal Infection and Endodontic Apical Disease 3
Nestor Cohenca and Ana Maria González Amaro

2 The Anatomy of the Root Canal System as a Challenge to Effective Disinfection 15
Eric Herbranson

3 Biofilms in Root Canal Infections 29
Christine M. Sedgley and Rogério de Castilho Jacinto

4 Efficacy of Root Canal Disinfection 57
Ashraf F. Fouad

5 Impact of Root Canal Disinfection on Treatment Outcome 71
James D. Johnson and Natasha M. Flake


Part 2: Nonsurgical Intracanal Disinfection 89

6 Shaping the Root Canal System to Promote Effective Disinfection 91
Ove A. Peters and Frank Paqué

7 Topical Disinfectants for Root Canal Irrigation 109
Bettina Basrani and Markus Haapasalo

8 Fluid Dynamics of Irrigation within the Root Canal System 141
Franklin R. Tay

9 Positive Pressure Irrigation 169
Cesar de Gregorio, Carlos Heilborn, and Nestor Cohenca

10 Apical Negative Pressure Irrigation (ANP) 189
Nestor Cohenca, Cesar de Gregorio, and Avina Paranjpe

11 Disinfection of the Root Canal System by Sonic, Ultrasonic, and Laser Activated Irrigation 217
Luc van der Sluis, Bram Verhaagen, Ricardo Macedo, and Michel Versluis

12 Ozonization and Electrochemical Root Canal Disinfection 239
Roberta Pileggi

13 Intracanal Medication in Root Canal Disinfection 247
Lea Assed Bezerra da Silva, Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva, Paulo Nelson-Filho, and Nestor Cohenca

14 Emerging Technologies in Root Canal Disinfection 277
Anil Kishen, Annie Shrestha, and Nestor Cohenca


Part 3: Apical Response and Surgery 297

15 Healing of Apical Lesions: How Do They Heal,Why Does the Healing Take So Long, and Why Do Some Lesions Fail to Heal? 299
Zvi Metzger and Anda Kfir

16 Surgical Endodontics: The Complimentary Approach 319
Richard Rubinstein and Alireza Aminlari

Index 341