A False

B True

C False

D True

E True

    The anterior fontanelle closes at ≈ 18 months, with the posterior closing at 6–9 months. The metopic suture lies between the unfused halves of the frontal bone. It disappears once fusion occurs, generally by the age of 7, although the suture may persist in up to 7% of the population. The pterion is the site where the frontal, parietal and temporal bones, as well as the greater wing of the sphenoid, lie adjacent to each other. It is crossed by the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery. The anterior nasal (piriform) aperture lies above the anterior nasal spine which is formed by both maxillae. All the orbital ‘walls’ are derived from mesoderm.

A True

B True

C False

D True

E True

    The basiocciput and basisphenoid fuse by ≈ 25 years of age. The sphenoid bone has two greater and two lesser wings which are separated on each side by the superior orbital fissure. The nervus spinosus is the meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve. It crosses the foramen spinosum with the middle meningeal artery and mainly supplies the dura of the middle cranial fossa.

A Lesser wing of sphenoid

B Greater wing of sphenoid

C Pterygoid process of sphenoid

D Perpendicular plate of ethmoid

E Maxilla

A The orbit is pyramidal in shape

B The medial orbital walls are parallel

C The zygomatic nerve divides within the temporal bone to form two branches

D The ethmoidal foramina lie along the fronto-ethmoidal suture

E The optic canal lies above the level of the ethmoidal foramina

A Consist of four main pairs of sinuses

B Are all present at term

C Include one that may extend into the lesser wing of the sphenoid

D May indent the lateral nasal wall

E May include a small sinus in the palatine bone

A False

B True

C True

D False

E True

    The boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa are:

A True

B True

C False

D True

E False

    The orbit is a quadrilateral pyramid with parallel medial walls. Its ethmoid component articulates with the frontal bone (i.e. the orbital roof) at the fronto-ethmoidal suture, along which the ethmoidal foramina lie. The optic canal therefore lies below this level. The zygomatic nerve runs in a groove and canal in the lateral orbital wall, dividing within the orbit or the zygomatic bone to form zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal branches.

A True

B False

C True

D True

E True

    There are four paired sinuses: the frontal, maxillary, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. These sinuses are poorly developed at term, with the frontal sinus, in particular, being absent. The sphenoid sinus may extend into both sphenoidal wings and partially (or completely) encircle the optic nerve. The bulla ethmoidalis, formed by middle ethmoidal air cells, indents the lateral nasal wall. The palatine bone often contains a sinus in its orbital process.

A Superior petrosal sinus

B Sigmoid sinus

C VIII

D IX

E X

A Parietal foramen

B Foramen lacerum

C Foramen caecum

D Foramen rotundum

E Foramen ovale

A Parietal

B Occipital

C Petrous temporal

D Palatine

E Maxilla

A False

B True

C False

D True

E True

    The superior petrosal sinus drains into the transverse sinus, which becomes the sigmoid sinus. This drains into the superior bulb of the internal jugular vein which also drains the inferior petrosal sinus. The internal jugular vein, IX, X and XI all traverse the jugular foramen.

A True

B True

C True

D False

E True

    Emissary veins cross the skull to connect the venous sinuses with external veins. The parietal emissary veins connect the superior sagittal sinus with the scalp veins. Other veins connect the cavernous sinus with the pterygopalatine plexus via the foramina lacerum, ovale and that of Vesalius. Rarely a vein may connect nasal veins with the superior sagittal sinus via the foramen caecum.

A False

B True

C True

D True

E True

In A. None

In B. Spinal root of XI, and XII

In C. VII

In D. Greater and lesser palatine nerves

In E. Infraorbital

A Optic canal

B Carotid canal

C Jugular foramen

D Foramen spinosum

E Stylomastoid foramen

A Inferiorly its skeleton is entirely composed of cartilage

B Laterally it contains the turbinate bones

C It is divided into equal halves by the nasal septum

D It contains an anteriorly projecting...