Consulting Editor

MARK D. MILLER, MD

S. Ward Casscells Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia; Team Physician, James Madison University, Charlottesville, Virginia

Editor

STEPHEN R. THOMPSON, MD, MEd, FRCSC

Private Practice, Sports Medicine and Arthroscopic Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery of Maine, Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, Maine; Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

Authors

DAVID W. ALTCHEK, MD

Attending Surgeons, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York

GEORGE S. ATHWAL, MD, FRCSC

Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Western University; Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph’s Health Centre, London, Ontario, Canada

JEAN-CHRISTIAN BALESTRO, MD

Sydney Shoulder Specialists, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

RYAN T. BICKNELL, MD, MSc, FRCS(C)

Associate Professor, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kingston General Hospital—Nickle 3, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

ROBERT BLEAKNEY, MD, FRCPC

Radiologist, Department of Medical Imaging, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

AARON J. BOIS, MD, MSc, FRCSC

Clinical Lecturer, Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

JAMES P. BRADLEY, MD

Clinical Professor of Orthopaedics, Head Team Physician, Pittsburgh Steelers, Burke and Bradley Orthopaedics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

STEPHEN F. BROCKMEIER, MD

Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia

ROBERT H. BROPHY, MD

Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri

LAUCHLAN CHAMBERS, MD, MPH

Fellow in Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York

RYAN M. DEGEN, MD

Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

JOSHUA S. DINES, MD

Attending Surgeon, Department of Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York

TIM DWYER, MBBS, FRACS, FRCSC

Orthopaedic Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

JOSHUA W. GILES, BESc

Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph’s Health Centre, London, Ontario, Canada

EWAN B. GOUDIE, BMedSci (Hons), MRCSEd

Specialty Registrar, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

JUSTIN W. GRIFFIN, MD

Resident Physician, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia

F. WINSTON GWATHMEY Jr, MD

Fellow, Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

JOSHUA D. HARRIS, MD

The Methodist Center for Sports Medicine, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Houston, Texas

THOMAS C. HARRIS, MS

Senior Medical Physicist, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

MITHUN A. JOSHI, MBBS

Sydney Shoulder Specialists, St Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

RICHARD W. KANG, MS, MD

Orthopaedic Surgery Fellow, Department of Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York

W. BEN KIBLER, MD

Shoulder Center of Kentucky, Lexington Clinic, Lexington, Kentucky

PRADEEP KODALI, MD

Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ironman Sports Medicine Institute, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas

ROBERT B. LITCHFIELD, MD, FRCSC

Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

LEONARD C. MACRINA, MSPT, SCS, CSCS

Physical Therapist, Champion Sports Medicine, A Physiotherapy Associates Clinic; American Sports Medicine Institute, Birmingham, Alabama

GREGORY T. MAHONY, BA

Research Assistant, Department of Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York

MATTHEW D. MILEWSKI, MD

Elite Sports Medicine, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center; Professor of Orthopaedics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut

ANTHONY MINIACI, MD, FRCSC

Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic and Rheumatologic Institute; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio

IAIN R. MURRAY, BMedSci (Hons), MRCSEd, Dip SEM

Clinical Lecturer, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

CARL W. NISSEN, MD

Elite Sports Medicine, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center; Assistant Professor of Orthopaedics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut

MASSIMO PETRERA, MD

Orthopaedic Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

FRANK A. PETRIGLIANO, MD

Assistant Professor-in-Residence and Attending Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, California

HAIFENG REN, MD, FRCS(C)

Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kingston General Hospital—Nickle 3, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

C. MICHAEL ROBINSON, BMedSci (Hons), FRCSEd

Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

ANTHONY A. ROMEO, MD

Program Director, Shoulder and Elbow Fellowship, Section Head, Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Professor, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois; Co-Team Physician, Chicago White Sox; Co-Team Physician, Chicago Bulls

AARON SCIASCIA, MS, ATC, PES

Shoulder Center of Kentucky, Lexington Clinic, Lexington, Kentucky

JON K. SEKIYA, MD

Larry S. Matthews Collegiate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Professor, MedSport, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

ERIC P. TANNENBAUM, MD

House Officer, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

JOHN S. THEODOROPOULOS, MD, MSc, FRCSC

Orthopaedic Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto Orthopaedic Sports Medicine; Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

STEPHEN R. THOMPSON, MD, MEd, FRCSC

Private Practice, Sports Medicine and Arthroscopic Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery of Maine, Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, Maine; Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada

GILLES WALCH, MD

Centre Orthopédique Santy, Lyon, France

RICHARD E.A. WALKER, MD, FRCPC

Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada

JAMES P. WARD, MD

Fellow in Sports Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

JON J.P. WARNER, MD

Chief, The MGH Shoulder Service, Co-Director, The Boston Shoulder Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

KEVIN E. WILK, PT, DPT, FAPTA

Champion Sports Medicine, A Physiotherapy Associates Clinic, Birmingham, Alabama; Rehabilitation Consultant, Tampa Bay Rays Baseball Team, Tampa Bay, Florida; American Sports Medicine Institute, Birmingham, Alabama

TREVOR WILKES, MD

Shoulder Center of Kentucky, Lexington Clinic, Lexington, Kentucky

ALLAN A....