Dentistry at a Glance

Professor Elizabeth Kay is Foundation Dean of Peninsula Dental School and Faculty Associate Dean of Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry. She is Honorary Consultant in Academic Public Health and Chair of the Royal Cornwall Hospitals Trust's Membership and Engagement Committee. She sits on the British Dental Association's Committees for both Dental Public Health and Health and Science. She is also Oral Health Expert to two NICE Public Health Advisory Committees. She is also Trustee and Vice Chair of the British Medical and Dental Schools Trust and a Trustee of the British Dental Health Foundation.

Contributors ix

Preface xi

Acknowledgements xii

About the companion website xiii

Part 1 Introduction 1

1 Principles of dental practice 2

2 Patient confidentiality 3

3 Record keeping 6

4 Consent 8

5 Communication with patients 10

6 History taking 12

7 Past medical history 14

8 Equipment and operating positions 16

9 Cross-infection control 18

10 Examination of the mouth 20

11 Special tests 22

12 Reading and reporting radiographs 24

13 Diagnostic 'surgical sieve' 26

14 Charting the oral cavity 28

15 Periodontal assessment 31

16 Treatment planning 34

Part 2 Clinical presentations 37

Medical emergencies

17 Sudden loss of consciousness 38

18 Acute chest pain and cardiac arrest 40

19 Difficulty breathing 42

20 Convulsions and choking 44

21 Other emergencies 46

Prevention of dental diseases

22 Caries prevention 48

23 Plaque reduction 50

24 Prevention of periodontal disease 52

25 Prevention of dental trauma 54

Teeth and disease of tooth hard tissue

26 The 'normal' dentitions 56

27 Variations in the number of teeth 58

28 Variations in tooth morphology 60

29 Enamel and dentine defects 62

30 Fluorosis 66

31 Tooth eruption and exfoliation 68

32 Caries 70

33 Tooth wear 73

The structures supporting teeth and disease

34 The normal gingivae 76

35 The periodontal ligament 78

36 Dental plaque and calculus 80

37 Diseases of the gingivae and periodontium 82

Intracoronal restorations of teeth

38 Properties of tooth tissue 84

39 Local anaesthesia for tooth restoration 86

40 Tooth isolation 90

41 Cavity preparation 92

42 Cavity liners and conditioners 94

43 Cavity preparation for plastic tooth restorations 96

44 Choice of plastic restorative materials 98

45 Plastic restorations 100

46 Amalgam restorations 101

47 Composite resin restorations 102

48 Building composite resin restorations 103

49 Non-plastic intracoronal restorations 104

50 Crowns 106

51 Glass ionomer cements and provisional restorations 109

Replacement of missing teeth

52 Resin-retained bridges 110

53 Bridges 112

54 Implant-retained options 114

55 Partial dentures 116

56 Implant overdentures 118

57 Precision attachments 120

58 Immediate insertion dentures 122

59 Complete dentures 124

Treatments for pulpal damage

60 Pulp therapy (deciduous teeth) 126

61 Pulp protection procedures for traumatised teeth 128

62 Pulp removal (permanent teeth) 130

63 Pulp canal obturation (permanent teeth) 132

Paediatric dentistry

64 Patient management 134

65 Local anaesthesia 136

66 Sedation and general anaesthesia 138

67 Caries in deciduous teeth 140

68 Paediatric dental materials 142

69 Fissure sealants 144

70 Dietary control 146

71 Fluoride supplements 148

Traumatic injuries

72 Classification of trauma 150

73 Accidental injury to primary teeth 152

74 Non-accidental injury 154

75 Tooth fractures 156

76 Tooth displacement injuries 158

Oral and maxillofacial surgery

77 Instruments 161

78 The patient in pain 164

79 Extraction of teeth 166

80 Surgical extractions 168

81 Impacted third molars 170

82 Biopsy 172

83 Suturing 174

84 Complications of exodontia 176

85 Surgical endodontics 178

Oral medicine and pathology

86 Benign swellings in the oral cavity 180

87 Odontogenic tumours and tumour-like lesions 182

88 Odontogenic cysts 184

89 Other bone diseases 186

90 Temporomandibular joint disorders 188

91 Mucosal diseases 190

92 Oral cancer and precancer 192

93 Salivary gland disorders 194

94 Pigmented lesions 196

Part 3 The medically compromised patient 199

95 Haematological disorders 200

96 Immune disorders 202

97 Cardiovascular disorders 204

98 Respiratory disorders 206

99 Gastroenterology and nutritional disorders 208

100 Endocrine disorders 210

101 Renal disease 212

102 Intellectual impairment 213

103 Neurological disorders 214

104 Drugs and dental care 216

Part 4 Orthodontics 219

105 The developing dentitions 220

106 Orthodontic assessment 222

107 Fixed orthodontic appliances 224

108 Removable orthodontic appliances 226

109 Major malocclusions 229

Part 5 Population sciences and oral health 233

110 Epidemiology 234

111 Social variations in oral health 236

112 Psychology and dental care 238

113 Health, illness and behaviour change 240

114 Special care dentistry 242

115 Ethical care of patients 245

116 Dentistry and the law 246

117 Risk management 248

Part 6 Running a dental practice 251

118 Infection control 252

119 Regulatory bodies and best practice 254

120 Clinical record keeping 256

121 Team management 258

122 Intrateam communication 260

123 External communication 262

124 Being part of the profession 264

Index 267