Critical Care Medicine at a Glance

Richard Leach is Clinical Director for Acute Medicine, Directorates of Acute and Critical Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital Trust and King's College London

Preface viii Acknowledgements ix Units, symbols and abbreviations x How to use your textbook xvi Part 1 General 1 1 Recognizing the unwell patient 2 2 Managing the critically ill patient 4 3 Monitoring in critical care medicine 6 4 The electrocardiogram 8 5 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 10 6 Oxygen transport 12 7 Shock 14 8 Circulatory assessment 16 9 Fluid management: pathophysiological factors 18 10 Fluid management: assessment and prescription 20 11 Fluid management: fl uid choice 22 12 Inotropes and vasopressors 23 13 Failure of oxygenation and respiratory failure 24 14. Oxygenation and oxygen therapy 26 15. Airways obstruction and management 28 16 Non-invasive ventilation 30 17 Endotracheal intubation 32 18 Mechanical ventilation 34 19 Respiratory management, weaning and tracheostomy 36 20 Arterial blood gases and acid-base balance 38 21 Analgesia, sedation and paralysis 40 22 Enteral and parenteral nutrition 42 23 Hypothermia and hyperthermia 44 24 Assessment of the patient with suspected infection 46 25 Bacteraemia, SIRS and sepsis 48 26 Hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections 50 27 Fever in the returning traveller 52 28 Fever (pyrexia) of unknown origin 54 29 End of life issues 56 Part 2 Medical 59 Cardiac 30 Acute coronary syndromes I: clinical pathophysiology 60 31 Acute coronary syndromes II: investigations and management 62 32 Arrhythmias: tachyarrhythmias 64 33 Arrhythmias: bradyarrhythmias 67 34 Heart failure and pulmonary oedema 68 35 Cardiac emergencies 70 36 Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism 72 Respiratory 37 Chest imaging and bronchoscopy 74 38 Community-acquired pneumonia 76 39 Hospital-acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia 78 40 Asthma 80 41 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 82 42 Acute respiratory distress syndrome 84 43 Pneumothorax and air leaks 86 44 Respiratory emergencies 88 Renal and metabolic 45 Acute kidney injury: pathophysiology and clinical aspects 90 46 Acute kidney injury: management and renal replacement therapy 92 47 Electrolyte disturbances: sodium and potassium 94 48 Electrolyte disturbances: calcium 96 49 Electrolyte disturbances: magnesium and phosphate 98 50 Diabetic emergencies 100 51 Endocrine emergencies 102 Gastrointestinal 52 Gastrointestinal haemorrhage 104 53 Jaundice 106 54 Acute liver failure 108 55 Acute pancreatitis 110 56 Vomiting and intestinal obstruction 112 57 Diarrhoea 114 58 Ascites 116 59 Abdominal imaging 117 Neurological 60 Acute confusional state, coma and status epilepticus 118 61 Stroke 120 62 Other cerebral vascular disorders 122 63 Infective neurological emergencies 123 64 Neuromuscular conditions 124 Infective 65 Specific bacterial infections 126 66 Common adult viral infections 128 67 Common fungal and protozoal infections 130 68 The immune compromised patient 132 Other systems 69 Coagulation disorders and transfusion 134 70 Drug overdose and poisoning 136 Part 3 Surgical 139 71 Trauma 140 72 Head injury 142 73 Chest trauma 144 74 Acute abdominal emergencies 146 75 Obstetric emergencies 148 76 Burns, toxic inhalation and electrical injuries 150 Part 4 Self-assessment Case studies and questions 152 Case studies answers 155 Appendices Appendix I Classification of antiarrhythmic drugs 162 Appendix II Pacemaker types and classifications 163 Appendix III Acute injury network staging system 2008 for acute kidney injury (AKI) 164 Appendix IV Rockall risk-scoring system for GI bleeds 165 Appendix V Child Pugh grading 166 Appendix VI Typical criteria for liver transplantation 167 Appendix VII Royal College of Physicians top nutrition tips 168 Index 169