Fibre Types in Skeletal Muscles

1 Introduction.- 1.1 General Remarks.- 1.2 Structure and Contraction Mechanism of Muscle Fibres.- 1.3 Intrafusal Fibres of Muscle Spindles.- 1.4 Satellite Cells.- 2 When Does Differentiation of Muscle Fibres Begin and Which Properties Characterize a Fibre Type? How Can the Muscle Fibre "Know" Whether to Be Fast or Slow, and Since When?.- 3 The Difficulties and Possibilities of Classifying Muscle Fibres in Distinct Nonoverlapping Types.- 4 Cytophotometry As a Tool in Fibre Typing.- 4.1 The Basic Principle.- 4.2 The Enzymes Which Are Useful for Cytophotometrical Fibre Typing.- 4.3 The Physiological-Metabolic Muscle Fibre Typing By Cytophotometry.- 4.4 The Reliability of Cytophotometrical Data.- 5 Changes of Muscle Fibre Properties Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions.- 5.1 Regional Differences.- 5.2 Development and Ageing.- 5.3 Hereditary Myopathy.- 5.4 Experimental Acute Hypoxia.- 5.5 Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes.- 6 Fibre Type Transformation.- 6.1 Conclusions.- 7 FOG Fibres - The Most Adaptable Muscle Fibres.- 8 Are There Adaption Processes in -?-Motoneurons as in Muscle Fibres?.- 9 The Influence of the Muscle Type on the Properties of a Fibre Type.- 10 Correspondences Between Physiological-Metabolic Fibre Typing, ATPase-Fibre Typing and Differentiation of Myosin Isoforms.- 11 Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms and Protein Kinase-C? in the Different Fibre Types and Alterations by Diabetes and EGb 761 Pretreatment.- 11.1 Illustration of the Topic.- 11.2 Experimental Basis.- 11.3 The Correlation of NOSI, NOSIII and PKC? to the Fibre Types.- 11.4 The Effect of STZ-Induced Diabetes and EGb 761 on the Expression of NOSI and NOSIII in the Rat Vastus Lateralis Muscle.- 11.5 NOSII Expression in Skeletal Muscle Fibres.- 11.6 Conclusions.- 12Specific Muscle Fibre Types of Extraocular Muscles.- 12.1 The Complexity of Extraocular Muscles.- 12.2 Fibre Types of Extraocular Muscles.- 12.3 Summary.- 13 Summary.- 14 Conclusions.- References.