Contemporary Metabolism

1 Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2. Purine Metabolism.- 1.3. Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency Associated with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease.- 1.4. Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency.- 1.5. Biochemical Basis of the Immunodeficiency in Adenosine Deaminase and Purkie Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency.- 1.6. Purine 5’-Nucleotidase Deficiency in Hypogammaglobulinemia.- 1.7. Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency.- 1.8. Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency.- 1.9. Increased Phosphoribosyl-1-Pyrophosphate Synthetase Activity.- 1.10. Xanthinuria.- 1.11. Gouty Arthritis.- 1.12. Decreased Adenylate Deaminase Activity.- 1.13. Abnormalities of Pyrimidine Metabolism.- 1.14. Abnormalities of DNA Repair (Xeroderma Pigmentosum).- 1.15. Purine and Pyrimidine Compounds as Inhibitors of Viral and Cellular Proliferation.- References.- 2 Metabolic Actions of Ethanol.- 2.1. Effects of Ethanol on Protein Metabolism.- 2.2. Effects of Ethanol on Lipid Metabolism.- References.- 3 Disorders of Lipid and Lipoprotein Metaboiism.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Lipoprotein Structure and Metabolism.- 3.3. Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia.- 3.4. Tangier Disease.- 3.5. High-Density Lipoprotein Levels and Coronary Heart Disease.- 3.6. Cholesterol Metabolism and Its Regulation.- 3.7. Familial Hypercholesterolemia.- 3.8. Chronic Renal Failure and Hyperlipidemia.- 3.9. Hypertriglyceridemia.- 3.10. Hyperlipidemia and Its Treatment.- References.- 4 Nutrition and Cellular Growth of the Brain.- 4.1. Methods for Producing Early Malnutrition.- 4.2. Malnutrition and Brain Size.- 4.3. Malnutrition and Cellular Growth of the Brain.- 4.4. Malnutrition and Myelination.- 4.5. Other Effects of Malnutrition on the Growing Brain.- 4.6. RegionalChanges Induced by Malnutrition.- 4.7. Malnutrition and Cellular Growth of the Peripheral Nerves.- 4.8. Malnutrition and Cellular Growth of the Human Brain.- References.- 5 Metabolic Aspects of Renal Stone Disease.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Renal Stone Disease Secondary to Increased Crystalloid Excretion.- 5.3. Treatment of Renal Stone Disease.- References.- 6 Hormone Receptors, Cyclic Nucleotides, and Control of Cell Function.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. Receptor Systems.- 6.3. Regulation of Adenylate Cyclase.- 6.4. Protein Kinases.- 6.5. Calcium Regulation of Cyclic Nucleotide Concentration.- 6.6. Cyclic Nucleotides in the Extracellular Fluids.- References.- 7 Diabetes Mellitus.- 7.1. Heterogeneity of Diabetes Mellitus.- 7.2. Insulin Secretion.- 7.3. Insulin Resistance and Insulin Receptors.- 7.4. Diabetes and Exercise.- 7.5. Diabetes and Pregnancy.- 7.6. Acidosis in Diabetes.- 7.7. Long-Term Complications.- 7.8. Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus.- References.- 8 Glucagon and Somatostatin.- 8.1. Anatomy of the Islets of Langerhans.- 8.2. Structure-Function Relationships of Glucagon.- 8.3. Pancreatic and Extrapancreatic Immunoreactive Glucagons.- 8.3.4. Immunoreactive Glucagon in Plasma.- 8.4. Glucagon Metabolism, Clearance, and Degradation.- 8.5. Actions of Glucagon.- 8.6. Control of Glucagon Secretion.- 8.7. Glucagonlike Immunoreactivity (Enteroglucagon).- 8.8. Somatostatin.- 8.9. Glucagon in Clinical Medicine.- References.- 9 Recent Advances in Body Fuel Metabolism.- 9.1. Introduction.- 9.2. Glucose Metabolism.- 9.3. Ketone and Fatty Acid Metabolism.- 9.4. Amino Acid Metabolism.- 9.5. Fuel Metabolism in Exercise.- References.- 10 What’s New in Obesity: Current Understanding of Adipose Tissue Morphoiogy.- 10.1. Introduction.- 10.2. Techniques for Measuring AdipocyteSize and Number.- 10.3. Cellularity of Adipose Tissue in Man and Animals.- 10.4. How Constant Is Adipocyte Number?.- 10.5. How Are New Adipocytes Formed?.- 10.6. Significance of Cell Size and Number in Energy Regulation.- References.- 11 Divalent Ion Metabolism.- 11.1. Introduction.- 11.2. Vitamin D.- 11.3. Clinical Disorders That Involve Altered Vitamin D Metabolism.- 11.4. Phosphorus Metabolism.- References.- 12 Metabolism of Amino Acids and Organic Acids.- 12.1. Pyruvate Metabolism and Its Disorders.- 12.2. Pyruvate Metabolism and Its Regulation.- 12.3. Specific Disorders of Pyruvate Metabolism.- References.