The Neuropathology of HIV Infection

1 HIV Infection: A Cellular Approach.- The Human Immunodeficiency Viruses.- Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses.- Strain Variations of HIV.- Cellular Tropism of HIV.- Pathogenesis of HIV Infection.- 2 Epidemiology and Natural History of HIV Infection: An Overview.- Definition.- Modes of Transmission of HIV.- Global Epidemiology.- Natural History of Infection: Classification.- Natural History of Infection: Clinical Aspects.- Prognostic Laboratory Markers.- Tumours.- Opportunistic Infections.- Neurological Complications.- Conclusions.- 3 Neurological Complications of HIV Infection: Clinical Aspects.- Seroconversion Illness.- Asymptomatic Period.- ARC/AIDS.- Opportunistic Infections.- Paediatric AIDS.- 4 Acquired Immune Deficiency: Neuroradiological Imaging.- Pre-seroconversion.- Seroconversion to HIV-Positive.- AIDS.- Paediatric AIDS.- Response to Therapy.- Imaging Methods.- Imaging Abnormalities.- 5 General Pathology.- Lymphoreticular System.- Skin.- Respiratory System.- Cardiovascular System.- Alimentary System.- Genito-urinary System.- Endocrine System.- 6 Pathology of the Nervous System.- Infections of the Central Nervous System by HIV.- Opportunistic Infections: Viral.- Opportunistic Infections: Fungal.- Opportunistic Infections: Protozoal.- Opportunistic Infections: Bacterial.- Cerebrovascular Disorders.- Neoplasms of the Central Nervous System.- Other Lesions.- Lesions of the Pituitary Gland.- Multiple Intracranial Lesions.- Haemophilia and AIDS.- Brain Biopsy.- Appendix. Morphological Demonstration of Infectious Organisms Within the CNS in AIDS.- 7 HIV-Related Dementia: Pathology and Possible Pathogenesis.- Incidence and Definition of HIV-Related Dementia.- HIV-Associated Neuropathology.- Clinico-neuropathological Correlation.- Neuroradiological-Neuropathological Correlation.- Pathogenesis.- 8 Myelopathies.- HIV-Related Myelopathies.- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Myelitis.- Herpes Virus Myelitis.- 9 Neuropatho’ogy of AIDS in Children.- Clinical Manifestations.- Pathologic Features.- Conclusions.- 10 Peripheral Nerve and Muscle Disease in mv Infection.- Classification.- Seroconversion.- HIV-Seropositive.- ARC and AIDS.- Myopathies.- 11 Role of the Macrophage in HIV Encephalitis.- Mononuclear Phagocytes of the Nervous System: Macrophages and Microglia.- Changes in the Mononuclear Phagocyte Population of the CNS in HIV Infection and AIDS.- Infection of Mononuclear Phagocytes of the Nervous System in HIV Infection and AIDS.- Summary.- 12 Immunohistochemical and In Situ Hybridization Study of HIV Encephalitis.- Visualization of HIV in the Nervous System.- Potential Mechanisms of HIV-Associated Neurological Diseases.- Conclusions.- 13 Overview of HIV in the Nervous System.- General Considerations Concerning Neurological Involvement.- Pathology and Pathogenesis.- Neuropsychological and Neurophysiological Assessment in HIV Infection.- Paediatric AIDS.- Treatment Considerations.- Animal Models for HIV Infection.