Therapeutic Antibodies

1 An Introduction to the Clinical Applications of Antibodies.- History.- Types and Sources of Antibodies.- Diagnostic Applications.- Therapeutic Applications.- Potential Side-Effects.- Anticipated Developments and Conclusions.- References.- 2 Biology of the Immune Response.- Innate Immune System.- Adaptive Immunity.- A Typical Immune Response.- Immunoglobulin Structure and Function.- References.- 3 Antibody Production in the Hen.- Summary.- Background.- Comparison of Avian and Mammalian Antibody Production.- Uses of Avian Antibodies.- Alternatives to Avian Antibodies for Therapy.- References.- 4 Catalytic Antibodies.- Catalysis via Transition-State Complementarity.- Antibody-Catalysed Hydrolysis of Labile Esters.- Hydrolysis of More-Stable Compounds.- Catalysis via Other Strategies.- Catalysis of Other Types of Reaction.- Polyclonal Catalytic Antibodies.- Developing Therapeutic Catalytic Antibodies.- Conclusion.- References.- 5 Immunotherapy for Drug Toxicity.- Digoxin.- Colchicine.- Tricyclic Antidepressants.- References.- 6 Therapeutic Antibodies to Snake Venoms.- History.- Standard Methods of Antivenom Production.- Different Types of Available Antivenoms.- Antivenom Reactions.- Methods of Antivenom Potency Assessment.- Recent Developments in Antivenom Production.- Conclusions.- References.- 7 Therapeutic Antibodies to Tumours.- Cell Surface Targets for Antibody Therapy.- Biodistribution of Antibodies.- Therapeutic Strategies.- Limitations of Antibody Therapy.- Conclusions.- References.- 8 Therapeutic Antibodies to Microorganisms.- Antibody Preparations Available for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Infections.- Applications of IM IgG Preparations for Prophylaxis of Viral Infection.- Applications of IVIG Therapy.- Use of IVIG Preparations for Prevention and Treatment of Specific Infection.- Conclusion.- References.- 9 Immunological Therapy of Endotoxaemia: Anti-endotoxin Antibodies.- The Role of Endotoxin in Sepsis.- Endotoxin: Relationship of Structure to Function.- Approaches to Endotoxin Antagonism.- Mechanism of Anti-endotoxin Antibody Action.- The Use of Anti-core Antibodies.- Impact of Anti-core Antibody Class and Titre on Efficacy.- Prospective Studies of Human Polyclonal Core Antiserum.- Studies with Anti-core/ Lipid A Monoclonal Antibodies.- Impact of Anti-endotoxins on Cytokine Generation in Human Sepsis.- Advantages and Limitations of Anti-endotoxin Antibodies.- Summary.- References.- 10 Cytokine Antibodies and Antagonists in the Treatment of Sepsis.- Toxin Initiation of Sepsis.- Properties of TNF, IL-1, IL-6 and their Receptors.- Cytokine Interactions in Inflammation.- Evidence that Cytokines are Involved in Sepsis.- Therapeutic Strategies.- Summary.- References.