Riboflavin

1 Physical and Chemical Properties of Flavins; Binding of Flavins to Protein and Conformational Effects; Biosynthesis of Riboflavin.- 1. Physical and Chemical Properties of Flavins.- 2. Effects of Flavin Cofactors on Nonprimary Protein Structure.- 3. Binding of Flavin Cofactors.- 4. Biosynthesis of Riboflavin.- 5. References.- 2 Analysis of Riboflavin and Its Derivatives in Biologic Fluids and Tissues.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Chemical Methods.- 3. Microbial Methods for Assay of Riboflavin.- 4. Comments and Clinical Applications.- 5. References.- 3 Chromatographic and Radioisotopic Methods for the Analysis of Riboflavin and the Flavin Coenzymes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Chromatographic Separation of Flavins.- 3. Radioisotopic Methods for the Study of 2?14C-Riboflavin Conversion to Flavin Coenzymes by Animal Tissues in Vivo or in Vitro.- 4. Competitive Protein Binding Assay of Riboflavin.- 5. References.- 4 Absorption, Protein Binding, and Elimination of Riboflavin.- 1. Absorption.- 2. Plasma Protein Binding.- 3. Elimination.- 4. General Pharmacology.- 5. References.- 5 Metabolism of Riboflavin.- 1. Tissue Uptake, Storage, and Distribution of Flavins and Flavin Coenzymes.- 2. Interconversions of Flavins, Flavin Glycosides, and Flavin Coenzymes.- 3. Excretion and Breakdown of Riboflavin.- 4. References.- 6 Nutritional Intake of Riboflavin.- 1. Historical Perspectives.- 2. Farming and Riboflavin Intake.- 3. Processing and Handling of Riboflavin Food Sources.- 4. Intake of Riboflavin.- 5. Recommendations for Improving Nutritional Intake.- 6. References.- 7 Riboflavin Deficiency.- 1. Riboflavin Deficiency in Animals.- 2. Metabolic Effects of Riboflavin Deficiency.- 3. Riboflavin Deficiency in Man.- 4. References.- 8 Experimental Dietary and Antagonist-Induced HumanRiboflavin Deficiency.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Dietary Induction of Deficiency.- 3. Antagonist-Induced Deficiency.- 4. Summary.- 5. References.- 9 Riboflavin Deficiency and Congenital Malformations.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Early Nutrition Experiments.- 3. Riboflavin Deficiency as a Teratogenic Method.- 4. Riboflavin Antimetabolites.- 5. Coenzyme and Enzyme Studies in Embryonal Tissues.- 6. Intrepretations.- 7. Summary.- 8. References.- 10 Biological Activities of Analogs of Riboflavin.- 1. General Background Information.- 2. Derivatives of Riboflavin.- 3. Isomers of Riboflavin.- 4. Homologs of Riboflavin.- 5. Analogs of Riboflavin.- 6. Biological Activity of Flavins in Other Systems.- 7. Structure-Activity Relationships.- 8. References.- 11 Riboflavin and Cancer.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Spontaneous and Transplanted Cancers.- 3. Chemical Carcinogenesis.- 4. Drug Metabolism in Cancer.- 5. Effects of Cancer on Tissue Flavin Levels.- 6. Summary and Conclusions.- 7. References.- 12 Hormonal Regulation of Riboflavin Metabolism.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Androgen and Estrogen.- 3. Insulin and Diabetes.- 4. Adrenal Hormones and ACTH.- 5. Thyroid.- 6. Summary and Conclusions.- 7. References.