Antioxidants in Male Infertility

Sijo J. Parekattil, MD, Director of Urology, Winter Haven Hospital, University of Florida, Winter Haven, FL, USA. Ashok Agarwal, PhD, HCLD (ABB), Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Part I: Male Infertility Diagnosis.- Causes of Male Infertility.- Laboratory Evaluation for Male Infertility.- Epidemiological Considerations in Male Infertility.- Part II: Oxidants and Antioxidants.- Physiological Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Sperm Function: A Review.- Molecular Mechanisms of Antioxidants in Male Infertility.- Oxidative Stress.- Loss of Intracellular Antioxidant Enzyme Activity During Sperm Cryopreservation: Effects on Sperm Function After Thawing.- Part III: Causes of Male Infertility.- Infection in Infertility.- Varicocele.- Sperm DNA Damage and Antioxidant Use: Roles in Male Fertility.- Common Male Infertility Disorders: Aging.- Apoptosis and Male Infertility.- Impact of Spinal Cord Injury.- Obesity and Male Fertility.- Environmental Factors.- Part IV: Antioxidants in Male Reproductive Health.- Nutritional Pathways to Protect Male Reproductive Health.- Natural Antioxidants.- Synthetic Antioxidants.- Antioxidant Therapy for the Enhancement of Male Reproductive Health: A Critical Review of the Literature.- In Vitro Studies of Antioxidants for Male Reproductive Health.- Sperm Processing and Selection.- Antioxidants in Sperm Cryopreservation.- Antioxidants in ICSI.- Antioxidants in IMSI.- Extended Embryo Culture Supplementation.- Best Practice Guidelines for the Use of Antioxidants.- Harmful Effects of Antioxidant Therapy.