Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations: Cardiovascular System

Section 1 - Anatomy * Thorax: Lungs In Situ: Anterior View * Thorax: Heart In Situ * Thorax: Mediastinum: Cross Section * Thorax: Pericardial Sac * Exposure of the Heart: Anterior Exposure * Exposure of the Heart: Base and Diaphragmatic Surfaces * Atria and Ventricles: Right Atrium and Right Ventricle * Atria and Ventricles: Left Atrium and Left Ventricle * Atria and Ventricles: Atria, Ventricles and Interventricular Septum * Valves: Cardiac Valves Open and Closed * Valves: Valves and Fibrous Skeleton of Heart * Specialized Conduction System of Heart * Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins: Sternocostal and Diaphragmatic Surfaces * Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins: Arteriovenous Variations * Innervation of Heart: Nerves of Heart * Innervation of Heart: Schema of Innervation Section 2 - Physiology * Cardiovascular Examination: Events in the Cardiac Cycle: Left Ventricle * Cardiovascular Examination: Important Components of Cardiac Examination * Cardiovascular Examination: Positions for Cardiac Auscultation * Cardiovascular Examination: Areas of Cardiac Auscultation * Cardiovascular Examination: Murmurs * Neural and Humoral Regulation of Cardiac Function * Physiologic Changes During Pregnancy * Cardiac Catheterization: Vascular Access * Cardiac Catheterization: Left-Sided Heart Catheterization * Cardiac Catheterization: Normal Saturations (O2) and Pressure * Cardiac Catheterizations: Examples of O2 and Pressure Findings and Pressure Tracings in Heart Diseases * Cardiac Catheterizations: Normal Cardiac Blood Flow During Inspiration and Expiration * Specialized Conduction System: Physiology of Specialized Conduction System * Specialized Conduction System: Electrical Activity of the Heart * Electrocardiogram * Electrocardiographic Leads and Reference Lines * Cardiac Depolarization and Repolarization and Mean Instantaneous Vectors: Progression of Depolarization * Cardiac Depolarization and Repolarization and Mean Instantaneous Vectors: End of Depolarization Followed by Repolarization * Axis Deviation in Normal Electrocardiogram * Atrial Enlargement * Ventricular Hypertrophy * Bundle Branch Block * Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome * Sinus and Atrial Arrhythmias * Premature Contraction * Sinus Arrest, Sinus Block, and Atrioventricular Block * Tachycardia, Fibrillation, and Atrial Flutter * Effect of Digitalis and Calcium/Potassium Levels on Electrocardiograms * Cardiac Pacing: Dual Chamber and Biventricular Section 3 - Imaging * Radiology: Frontal Projection * Radiology: Right Anterior Oblique Projection * Radiology: Left Anterior Oblique Projection * Radiology: Lateral Projection * Angiocardiography: Anteroposterior Projection of Right-Sided Heart Structures * Angiocardiography: Lateral Projection of Right-Sided Heart Structures * Angiocardiography: Anteroposterior Projection of Left-Sided Heart Structures * Angiocardiography: Lateral Projection of Left-Sided Heart Structures * Catheter-Based Coronary Angiography: Right Coronary Artery: Arteriographic Views * Catheter-Based Coronary Angiography: Left Coronary Artery: Arteriographic Views * Intravascular Ultrasound * Transthoracic Cardiac Ultrasound * Doppler Echocardiography * Transesophageal Echocardiography * Exercise and Contrast Echocardiography * Myocardial Perfusion Imaging * Ventriculography * Computed Tomographic Angiography: Cardiac Cycle and Calcium Contrast Studies * Computed Topographic Angiography: Interpretation * Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging * Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Continued) Section 4 - Embryology * Early Embryonic Development * Early Intraembryonic Vasculogenesis * Formation of the Heart Tube: One-Somite and Two-Somite Stages * Formation of the Heart Tube: Four-Somite and Seven-Somite Stages * Formation of the Heart Loop: 10-Somite and 14-Somite Stages * Formation of the Heart Loop: 20-Somite Stage * Formation of Cardiac Septa: Development of Ventricles and Atrioventricular Valves * Formation of the Cardiac Septa: 27 and 29 Days * Formation of the Cardiac Septa: 31 and 33 Days * Formation of the Cardiac Septa: 37 and 55 Days * Formation of the Cardiac Septa: Heart Tube Derivatives * Formation of the Cardiac Septa: Partitioning of the Heart Tube: Atrial Septation * Formation of the Cardiac: Embryonic Origins, Right and Left Sides * Development of Major Blood Vessels: 3, 4, and 10mm * Development of Major Blood Vessels: 14mm, 17mm, and at Term * Development of Major Blood Vessels: 4, 10, and 14mm * Development of Major Blood Vessels: 7mm, 24mm, and at Term * Fetal Circulation Pattern and Changes at Birth * Three Early Vascular Systems Section 5 - Congenital Heart Disease * Physical Examination: Diagnostic Clues to Congenital Heart Disease * Cardiac Vein Anomalies * Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection * Surgery for Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return * Anomalies of the Atria * Defects of the Atrial Septum: Anatomy * Defects of the Atrial Septum: Surgery * Defects of the Atrial Septum: Septal Occluder Device * Endocardial Cushion Defects: Anatomy and Embryology * Endocardial Cushion Defects: Surgery for Ostium Primum and Cleft Mitral Valve * Anomalies of the Tricuspid Valve: Tricuspid Atresia * Anomalies of the Tricuspid Valve: Glenn Surgery for Tricuspid Atresia * Anomalies of the Tricuspid Valve: Ebstein's Anomaly * Anomalies of the Tricuspid Valve: Types of Ebstein's Anomaly * Anomalies of the Ventricular Septum * Anomalies of the Ventricular Septum (Continued) * Anomalies of the Ventricular Septum: Transatrial Repair of Ventricular Septal Defect * Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Tetralogy of Fallot * Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Pathophysiology and Blalock-Taussig Operation for Tetralogy of Fallot * Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Corrective Operation for Tetralogy of Fallot * Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot * Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Eisenmenger Complex and Double-Outlet Right Ventricle * Anomalies of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Pulmonary Valvular Stenosis and Atresia * Anomalies of Left Ventricular Outlfow Tract: Aortic Atresia, Bicuspid Aortic Valve, and Aortic Vavular Stenosis * Anomalies of Left Ventricular Outlfow Tract: Fibrous and Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenoses * Anomalies of Left Ventricular Outlfow Tract: Norwood Correction of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome * Transposition of the Great Vessels * Transposition of the Great Vessels: Mustard and Blalock-Hanlon Operations * Transposition of the Great Vessels: Balloon Atrial Septostomy and Arterial Repair of Transpoistion of the Great Arteries * Transposition of the Great Vessels With Inversion of the Ventricles * Anomalies of the Truncus Septum * Anomalous Left Coronary Artery and Aneurysm of the Sinus of Valsalva * Anomalous Coronary Arteries Seen in Adult Patients * Anomalies of the Aortic Arch System: Patent Ductus Arteriosus * Anomalies of the Aortic Arch System: Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery * Anomalies of the Aortic Arch System: Double Aortic Arch and Right Aortic Arch Anomalies * Anomalies of the Aortic Arch System: Anomalous Origins of the Pulmonary Artery * Anomalies of the Aortic Arch System: Anatomic Features of Aortic Coarctation in Older Children and Neonates * Anomalies of the Aortic Arch System: Coarctation of Aorta * Endocardial Fibroelastosis and Glycogen Storage Disease Section 6 - Acquired Heart Disease ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE * Structure of Coronary Arteries * Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis * Risk Factors in Etiology of Atherosclerosis * Pathologic Changes in Coronary Artery Disease * End-Organ Damage by Vascular Disease * Unstable Plaque Formation * Angiogenesis and Arteriogenesis CHRONIC ANGINA * Overview of Myocardial Ischemia * Angina Pectoris * Detection of Myocardial Ischemia * Degree of Flow-Limiting Stenoses * Left-Sided Heart Angiography * Fractional Flow Reserve * Chronic Angina Revascularization Procedures: Stent Deployment * Chronic Angina Revascularization Procedures: Rotational Atherectomy and Distal Protection Device ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES * Pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndromes * Myocardial Infarction: Changes in the Heart * Myocardial Infarction: Changes in the Heart (Continued) * Myocardial Infarction: Changes in the Heart (Continued) * Myocardial Infarction: Changes in the Heart (Continued) * Manifestations of Myocardial Infarction: First Day to Several Weeks * Manifestations of Myocardial Infarction: Effects of Myocardial Ischemia, Injury and Infarction on ECG * Recanalization of Occluded Coronary Artery in Acute Myocardial Infarction * Intra-aortic Balloon Counterpulsation ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER AND RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE * Rheumatic Fever in Sydenham's Chorea: Infection, Disease Course, and Heart Muscle * Rheumatic Fever in Sydenham's Chorea: Noncardiac Manifestations * Rheumatic Heart Disease: Acute Pericarditis and Myocarditis * Rheumatic Heart Disease: Acute Valvular Involvement * Rheumatic Heart Disease: Residual Changes of Acute Rheumatic Carditis * Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis: Pathologic Anatomy * Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis: Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects * Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis: Secondary Anatomic Effects * Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis: Secondary Pulmonary Effects * Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis: Thromboembolic Complications * Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis: Thromboembolic Complications: Principal Sites of Embolism from Left Artial Thrombosis * Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis: Thromboembolic Complications: Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty * Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Regurgitation* Rheumatic Heart Disease: Mitral Regurgitation: Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects * Mitral Valve Clip * Mitral Valve Repair * Mitral Valve Prolapse AORTIC AND VASCULAR DISEASE * Aortic Stenosis: Rheumatic and Nonrheumatic Causes * Aortic Stenosis: Rheumatic and Nonrheumatic Causes (Continued) * Aortic Regurgitation: Pathology * Aortic Regurgitation: Pathology (Continued) * Transcutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement * Cystic Medial Necrosis of Aorta * Cystic Medial Necrosis of Aorta: Surgical Management * Syphilitic Aortic Disease PROSTHETIC VALVE SURGERY * First Generation of Synthetic Prosthetic Valves * Second Generation of Synthetic Prosthetic Valves and Biologic Valves * Mitral Valve Replacement * Aortic Valve Replacement * Excision of Aortic Aneurysm and Replacement of Aortic Valve for Cystic Medial Necrosis * Multiple Valve Replacement * Insertion of Trileaflet Aortic Valve * Aortic Valve Biologic Grafts TRICUSPID VALVE DISEASE * Tricuspid Stenosis and Regurgitation and Multivalvular Disease* Tricuspid Stenosis and/or Insufficiency MYOCARDITIS, AMYLOID, AND OTHER CARDIOMYOPATHIES * Amyloidosis * Septic Myocarditis * Diphtheritic and Viral Myocarditis * Myocarditis in Sarcoidosis and Scleroderma * Idiopathic Myocarditis * Endomyocardial Fibrosis * Loffler's Endocarditis * Becker's Disease * Beriberi * Cardiomyopathies * Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and the Heart * Substance Abuse and the Heart PERICARDIAL DISEASE * Presentation and Treatment of Pericarditis * Etiologies of Pericarditis * Constrictive Pericarditis ACUTE AND CHRONIC COR PULMONALE AND PULMONARY EMBOLISM * Acute Cor Pulmonale and Pulmonary Embolism: Massive Embolization * Acute Cor Pulmonale and Pulmonary Embolism: Embolism of Lesser Degree Without Infarction * Lesions That May Cause Pulmonary Hypertension and Chronic Cor Pulmonale * Chronic Cor Pulmonale * Deep Vein Thrombosis INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS * Infective Endocarditis: Portals of Entry and Predisposing Lesion * Early Lesions of Infective Endocarditis * Advanced Lesions of Infective Endocarditis * Right-Side Heart Involvement in Infective Endocarditis * Cardiac Sequelae of Infective Endocarditis * Mycotic Aneurysms and Emboli in the Heart * Remote Embolic Effects of Infective Endocarditis * Nonbacterial Thrombotic (Marantic) Endocarditis CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION AND HYPOTHERMIA THERAPY * External Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation * Internal Cardiac Massage * Defibrillation CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE * Rheumatoid Arthritis * Ankylosing Spondylitis * Polymyositis and Dermatomyocytis * Scleroderma (Progressive Systemic Sclerosis) * Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ENDOCRINE DISORDERS AND CARDIAC DISEASE * Acromegaly * Hyperthyroidism: Thyrotoxicosis * Hypothyroidism: Myxedema * Cushing's Syndrome * Primary Hyperaldosteronism: Mineralocorticoid Hypertension * Pheochromocytoma HEART TUMORS * Myxoma and Rhabdomyoma * Metastatic Tumors of the Heart HYPERTENSION * Hypertension Regulation: Interdependent and Interacting Factors in Blood Pressure Regulation * Etiology of Hypertension * Hypertension Regulation: Renin-Angiotensin System * Hypertension Regulation: Wave Reflection and Isolated Systolic Hypertension * Causes of Secondary Hypertension Possibly Amenable to Surgery * Retinal Changes in Hypertension * Occlusive Disease of Main Renal Artery * Occlusive Disease of Main Renal Artery (Continued) * Kidneys and Hypertension * Heart Disease in Hypertension * Heart Disease in Hypertension (Continued) * Hypertension and Congestive Heart Failure Disease * Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypertension NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS * Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy * Myotonic Dystrophy * Friedreich's Ataxia * Disorders of Potassium Metabolism PENETRATING AND NONPENETRATING HEART TRAUMA * Cardiac Tamponade in Penetrating Heart Wounds * Relative Distribution of Penetrating Heart Wounds * Variable Course of Penetrating Heart Wounds * Thoracotomy and Cardiorrhaphy * Thoracotomy and Cardiorrhaphy (Continued) * Nonpenetrating Heart Wounds: Pathogeneis and Variable Course of Cardiac Contusion * Nonpenetrating Heart Wounds: Myocardial Rupture and Valvular Injuries * Nonpenetrating Heart Wounds: Mechanism of Sudden Cardiac Death in Commotio Cordis PERCUTANEOUS INTERVENTION PROCEDURES * Percutaneous Approaches to Reduce Cerebral Emboli * Cerebrovascular Emboli Protection Device * Interventional Approaches to Peripheral Arterial Disease HEART FAILURE * Right-Sided and Left-Sided Heart Failure and Systemic Congestion: Physical Examination * Right-Sided and Left-Sided Heart Failure in Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Pulmonary Congestion * Pulmonary Congestion or Edema of Cardiac and Other Origins * Causes and Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Edema * Cardiac Origins of Peripheral or Systemic Congestion or Edema * Therapy for Pulmonary Edema and Paroxysmal Dyspnea * Biventricular Pacing and Intracardiac Defibrillator: Benefit of Biventricular Pacing * Biventricular Pacing and Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator * Diastolic Heart Failure * Heart Transplantation: Orthotopic Biatrial Cardiac Transplantation * Heart Transplantation: Bicaval Cardiac Transplantation * Heart Transplantation: HeartMate XVE and II Left Ventricular Assist Systems SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN YOUNG ATHLETES * Sudden Death in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy SYNCOPE * Management of Syncope PARASITIC DISEASE AND THE HEART * Trichinosis * Chagas Disease (Trypanosomiasis) * Amebic Pericarditis *Echinococcus Infection and Hydatid Pericarditis