Oxford Textbook of Paediatric Pain

Patrick J. McGrath, Professor and Canada Research Chair, Dalhousie University, Vice President Research, IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority, Canada. Dr. McGrath, a clinical child psychologist has been a leading scientist in pain in children. His research on measurement, psychological mechanisms and treatment of pain has been focused on alleviating suffering. He has published 250 peer reviewed papers, 50 book chapters, 13 books and numerous patient manuals. His work has been recognized by numerous awards including being made Officer of the Order of Canada and election as Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences. He is currently a Professor of Psychology, Pediatrics and Psychiatry and Canada Research Chair at Dalhousie University and Integrated VP Research and Innovation at the IWK Health Centre and Capital District Health Authority.

Bonnie J. Stevens, Professor, Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto; Signy Hildur Eaton Chair in Paediatric Nursing Research, Senior Scientist, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Bonnie Stevens (RN, PhD) is a Professor in the Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing and Faculties of Medicine and Dentistry at the University of Toronto, and the Signy Hildur Eaton Chair in Paediatric Nursing Research, Associate Chief Nursing Research and a Senior Scientist in the Research Institute at the Hospital for Sick Children. She is also the Director of the University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, the Co-Director of the Pain Centre at the Hospital for Sick Children, and a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences. Her research is focused on the assessment and management of pain in infants and children, and the effectiveness of knowledge translation strategies. She is currently the PI of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Children's Pain investigating innovative interactive interventions for translating paediatric pain research into clinical practice in 32 hospital units in 8 paediatric hospitals across Canada.

Suellen M. Walker, Senior Clinical Lecturer and Consultant in Paediatric Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine; Portex Unit: Pain Research and Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, UCL Institute of ChildHealth and Great Ormond St Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. Suellen Walker is Senior Clinical Lecturer and Consultant in Paediatric Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine at UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London. Following specialist training in paediatric anaesthesia and Fellowship of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists, she obtained a Masters in Pain Medicine and was a Foundation Diplomate of the Faculty of Pain Medicine, Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists. She subsequently completed an MSc and PhD in developmental neurobiology of pain in London. Dr Walker has contributed to evidence-based acute pain guidelines, and her current research interests include developmental analgesic efficacy and safety, long-term effects of pain in early life, and evaluating chronic pain states in children.

William T. Zempsky, Professor of Pediatrics, Head Division of Pain and Palliative Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, USA

SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
1. History of pain in children
2. Prevalence and distribution of pain in children
3. Long-term effects of early pain and injury: animal models
4. Long-term effects of pain in children
5. Prevention of the development and maintenance of paediatric chronic pain and disability

SECTION 2: BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF PAEDIATRIC PAIN
6. Nociceptive signalling in the periphery and spinal cord
7. Neuroimmune interactions and pain during postnatal development
8. Central nociceptive pathways and descending modulation

SECTION 3: SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BASIS OF PAEDIATRIC PAIN
9. Psychological theories and biopsychosocial models in paediatric pain
10. Cognitive styles and processes in paediatric pain
11. Pain in cultural and communicative contexts
12. Families and pain
13. Pain, social relationships and school
14. The effects of sex and gender on child and adolescent pain
15. Sleep and pain in children and adolescents

SECTION 4: PAIN IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS AND DISEASES
16. Pain in children with intellectual or developmental disabilities
17. Paediatric cancer pain
18. Pain management in major pediatric trauma and burns
19. Needle procedures
20. Procedural sedation
21. Neuropathic pain in children
22. Inflammatory arthritis and arthropathy
23. Chronic pain syndromes in childhood: one trunk, many branches
24. Non-inflammatory musculoskeletal pain
25. Pain in sickle cell disease
26. Pain and gastroenterological diseases
27. Postoperative pain management
28. Pain in palliative care
29. Recurrent abdominal pain
30. Chronic pelvic pain in children and adolescents
31. Headaches
32. Persisting pain in childhood medical illness
33. Common pain problems
34. Effective management of children's pain and anxiety in the emergency department

SECTION 5: MEASUREMENT OF PAIN
35. Neonatal and infant pain assessment
36. Self-report: the primary source in assessment after infancy
37. Behavioural measures of pain
38. Biomarkers of pain: physiological indices of pain reactivity in infants and children
39. The neurophysiological evaluation of nociceptive responses in neonates
40. Sensory processing and neurophysiological evaluation in children
41. Measurement of health-related quality of life and physical function

SECTION 6: PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS
42. Principles of pain pharmacology in paediatrics
43. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen
44. Developmental pharmacology of opioids
45. Opioids in clinical practice
46. Interventional pain management techniques for chronic pain
47. Topical anaesthetics and analgesics
48. Drugs for neuropathic pain
49. Sucrose and sweet taste

SECTION 7: PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS
50. Cognitive-behavioural interventions
51. Operant treatment
52. Child life interventions in paediatric pain
53. Procedural pain distraction
54. Hypnosis and relaxation
55. New information and communication technologies for pain

SECTION 8: PHYSICAL INTERVENTIONS
56. Physical therapy interventions for pain in childhood and adolescence
57. Occupational therapy
58. Mothercare for procedural pain in infants

SECTION 9: SPECIAL TOPICS
59. Complementary drugs-herbs, vitamins, and dietary supplements for pain and symptom management
60. Complementary therapy in paediatric pain
61. Theory-informed approach to translating pain evidence into practice
62. Organizational systems in paediatric pain
63. Education for paediatric pain
64. The ethics of pain control in infants and children
65. Sociodemographic disparities in pediatric pain management: relationships and predictors