Handbook of Forensic Medicine

Professor Burkhard Madea, Head of Institute of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany.

Contents ix List of Contributors xix Preface xxii Foreword by Duarte Nuno Vieira xxiii PART I Duties of Forensic 1 1 History of Forensic Medicine 3 Burkhard Madea 2 Duties of Forensic Medicine 15 Burkhard Madea and Gerhard Kernbach-Wighton 3 Forensic Medicine and Human Rights 18 Hans Petter Hougen 4 International Guidelines and Accreditation in Forensic Medicine 34 Peter Wiegand, Burkhard Madea and Frank Musshoff PART II Medical Aspects of Death 47 5 Nature and Defi nition of Death 49 Burkhard Madea 6 Certification of Death: External Postmortem Examination 57 Burkhard Madea and Antonella Argo 7 Postmortem Changes and Time Since Death 75 Burkhard Madea, Claus Henssge, Saskia Reibe, Michael Tsokos and Gerhard Kernbach-Wighton 8 Cremation 134 Claas T. Buschmann and Michael Tsokos 9 Autopsy 138 Peter J. T. Knudsen, Jorgen L. Thomsen, Garyfalia Ampanozi and Michael J. Thali 10 The Doctor, the Dead and Their Relatives 161 Gerhard Kernbach-Wighton 11 Transplantation 166 Gerhard Kernbach-Wighton 12 Anthropology and Osteology 171 Cristina Cattaneo and Daniele Gibelli 13 Mass Disaster Victim Identification 192 Ruediger Lessig and Mechthild Prinz PART III Traumatology and Violent Death 201 14 Legal Aspects of Traumatology and Violent Death 203 Philip Beh 15 Traumatology and Criminology 207 Philip Beh 16 Introduction to Some Biomechanical Principles 211 Heinz-Dieter Wehner 17 Sequelae of Traumatic Injuries and Causes of Death 216 Guy Rutty and Michael Tsokos 18 Vital Reactions and Wound Age Estimation 237 Burkhard Madea, Wolfgang Grellner and Toshikazu Kondo 19 Mechanical Trauma and Classification of Wounds 253 Burkhard Madea, Stefan Pollak, Annette Thierauf, Christoph Meissner, Manfred Oehmichen and Peter Mygind Leth 20 Forensic Ballistics: Injuries from Gunshots, Explosives and Arrows 328 Bernd Karger 21 Injuries due to Asphyxiation and Drowning 367 Wolfgang Keil, Philippe Lunetta, Richard Vann and Burkhard Madea 22 Injuries due to Heat 451 Burkhard Madea 23 Injuries due to Cold 468 Burkhard Madea 24 Electrocution and Lightning 477 Ryan Blumenthal 25 Starvation and Neglect 495 Burkhard Madea 26 Infanticide 504 Thomas Bajanowski and Mechtild M. Vennemann 27 Death during Pregnancy 516 Eberhard Lignitz, Gerhard Kernbach-Wighton and Veronique Henn 28 Auto-Erotic Death 525 Gerhard Kernbach-Wighton and Burkhard Madea 29 Death in Abnormal Positions: Physical Restraint 528 John C. Hunsaker III 30 Sexual Homicide 539 Philip Beh 31 Medical Malpractice 545 Burkhard Madea 32 Special Issues Regarding Expert Evidence in Violent Death 562 Rainer Amberg, Burkhard Madea, Jorgen L. Thomsen, Martin Worm-Leonhard and Paolo Procaccianti PART IV Sudden and Unexpected Death from Natural 597 33 Natural Causes of Sudden Death 599 Emanuela Turillazzi, Stefania Bello and Vittorio Fineschi 34 Postmortem Biochemistry as an Aid in Determining the Cause of Death 630 Gerhard Kernbach-Wighton and L. Aurelio Luna 35 Sudden and Unexpected Deaths in Infants and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 647 Thomas Bajanowski and Mechtild M. Vennemann PART V Clinical Forensic Medicine 679 36 Sexual Abuse 681 Cristina Cattaneo, Daniele Gibelli and Marina Ruspa 37 Non-Sexual Abuse in Children 702 Robert A. Minns, Burkhard Madea and Gerhard Kernbach-Wighton 38 Intimate Partner and Domestic Violence 746 Gerhard Kernbach-Wighton 39 School Violence 751 Gerhard Kernbach-Wighton 40 Violence Against Homosexuals 757 Gerhard Kernbach-Wighton 41 Violence Against the Elderly 761 John C. Hunsaker III 42 Self-Harm 776 Gerhard Kernbach-Wighton 43 Age Estimation in Living Individuals 791 Andreas Schmeling PART VI Forensic Psychiatry 811 44 Forensic Psychiatry 813 Alan R. Felthous and Henning Sass PART VII Toxicology 829 45 Legal Aspects of Toxicology 831 Ilkka Ojanpera and Erkki Vuori 46 Epidemiology and Adverse Drug Reactions 840 Olaf H. Drummer, Dimitri Gerostamoulos and Jennifer L. Pilgrim 47 Suspicion of Poisoning 845 Robert J. Flanagan, Graham R. Jones, Hans H. Maurer and Markus R. Meyer 48 Toxicological Analysis: Drug Screening and Confi rmation 866 Olaf H. Drummer and Dimitri Gerostamoulos 49 Issues Affecting Interpretation: Stability and Artefacts 873 Gisela Skopp 50 Toxicokinetics and Toxicogenetics 889 Markus R. Meyer and Hans H. Maurer 51 Toxicology of Specific Substances 900 Alan Wayne Jones, Frank Musshoff, Thomas Kraemer, Andrea E. Schwaninger, Dimitri Gerostamoulos, Olaf H. Drummer, Gustav Drasch, Marie A. Balikova, Jochen Beyer, Helena Teixeira, Mario Thevis and Wilhelm Schanzer PART VIII Traffi c Medicine 995 52 Driving Aptitude and Fitness to Drive 997 Gunter Berghaus and Eva Schnabel 53 Effects of Cardiovascular Disease on Fitness to Drive 1011 Werner Jung 54 Effects of Vision and Visual Fields on Fitness to Drive 1024 Patrick Vivell 55 Effects of Epilepsy on Fitness to Drive 1033 Jurgen Bauer 56 Effects of Diabetes on Fitness to Drive 1036 Wulf Quester 57 Epidemiology and Causal Factors in Fitness to Drive 1044 Gunter Berghaus 58 Effects of Alcohol on Fitness to Drive 1057 Alan Wayne Jones 59 Effects of Illegal Drugs on Fitness to Drive 1074 Frank Musshoff 60 Effects of Medicinal Drugs on Fitness to Drive 1087 Eef L. Theunissen, Kim P. C. Kuypers, Annemiek Vermeeren, Eric F. Vuurman and Johannes G. Ramaekers 61 Toxicological Markers of Chronic Alcohol Abuse 1099 Fritz Pragst 62 Traffic Accidents 1108 Heinz-Dieter Wehner and Gerhard Kernbach-Wighton PART IX Identifi cation 1141 63 Forensic DNA Analysis 1143 Mechthild Prinz and Ruediger Lessig 64 Forensic Anthropology 1184 Cristina Cattaneo and Daniele Gibelli 65 Forensic Odontology 1193 Ruediger Lessig PART X The Doctor and the Law 1205 66 The Doctor and the Law 1207 Brigitte Tag PART XI Insurance Medicine 1239 67 Personal Injury Assessment 1241 Teresa Magalhaes and Duarte Nuno Vieira 67.1 Introduction 1241 67.2 Aim of personal injury assessment and reparation 1242 67.3 General aspects for forensic medical assessment 1243 67.4 Specifics of forensic medical reports for personal injury assessment 1246 67.5 Conclusions 1251 Further Reading 1253 Burkhard Madea Index 1257