Metabolic Syndrome and Neurological Disorders

AKHLAQ FAROOQUI is an Adjunct Associate Professor of Medical Biochemistry at Ohio State University. He is author of over 180 peer-reviewed research articles, and author/editor of eight books and an expert in fields of glycerophospholipid metabolism, excitotoxicity, bioactive ether lipids, and phospholipases A2 in brain. TAHIRA FAROOQUI is a Research Scientist in the Department of Entomology at Ohio State University. She is the author of 40 peer-reviewed research articles and several monographs and an expert on glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism, biogenic amines, and neural plasticity.

Foreword Mark P. Mattson xi

Preface Tahira Farooqui and Akhlaq A. Farooqui xiii

Acknowledgments Tahira Farooqui and Akhlaq A. Farooqui xv

Contributors xvii

1 Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Failure Underlie Alzheimer Disease 1
Suzanne M. de la Monte and Ming Tong

2 Insulin Receptor and the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer Disease 31
Johanna Zemva and Markus Schubert

3 Contribution of Insulin Resistance in Pathogenesis of Alzheimer Disease 51
Adnan Erol

4 Insulin–Leptin Signaling in the Brain 75
Vicente Barrios, Emma Burgos-Ramos, and Jes´us Argente

5 The Janus Face of Insulin in Brain 85
Ana Duarte, Emanuel Candeias, S´onia C. Correia, Renato X. Santos, Cristina Carvalho, Susana Cardoso, Ana I. Pl´acido, Maria S. Santos, Catarina R. Oliveira, and Paula I. Moreira

6 Modulation of Cognition by Insulin and Aging: Implications for Alzheimer Disease 115
Maite Solas and Maria J. Ram´ýrez

7 Contribution of Phospholipid, Sphingolipids, and Cholesterol-Derived Lipid Mediators in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome and Neurological Disorders 137
Akhlaq A. Farooqui and Tahira Farooqui

8 Lipids, Cholesterol, and Oxidized Cholesterol in Alzheimer Amyloid Beta-Mediated
Neurotoxicity 163
Mun’delanji C. Vestergaard, Masamune Morita, Tsutomu Hamada, and Masahiro Takagi

9 Of Sound Mind and Body: Dietary Lifestyles, Promotion of Healthy Brain Aging, and Prevention of Dementia in Healthy Individuals 179
Giulio Maria Pasinetti, Amanda Bilski, Lap Ho, Jun Wang, Mario Ferruzzi, Masahito Yamada, Kenjiro Ono, and Salvatore Mannino

10 Metabolic Syndrome as an Independent Risk Factor of Silent Brain Infarction 191
Jae-Sung Lim and Hyung-Min Kwon

11 Neurochemical Linkage Among Metabolic Syndrome, Alzheimer Disease, and Depression 197
Undurti N. Das

12 Alterations in the Endocannabinoid System as a Link Between Unbalanced Energy Homeostasis, Neuroinflammation, and Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders 219
Tiziana Bisogno and Vincenzo Di Marzo

13 Metabolic Syndrome, Alzheimer Disease, Schizophrenia, and Depression: Role for Leptin, Melatonin, Kynurenine Pathways, and Neuropeptides 235
George Anderson and Michael Maes

14 Binge Eating and Metabolic Syndrome 249
Ignacio J´auregui-Lobera

15 Phytochemical Principles in the Traditional Indian System of Medicine Used for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome 261
Syed Ibrahim Rizvi and Neetu Mishra

16 Oxidative Stress and Obesity: Their Impact on Metabolic Syndrome 275
Morihiro Matsuda and Iichiro Shimomura

17 The Relationship Among Obesity, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance 283
Jean-Philippe Bastard and Bruno F`eve

18 Involvement of Adipocytokines in Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome 297
Hardik Gandhi and Ramachandran Balaraman

19 Obesity, Inflammation, and Vascular Disease: Novel Insight in the Role of Adipose Tissue 311
Paolo Calabro, Enrica Golia, Valeria Maddaloni, Giuseppe Limongelli, Brunella Ziello, Fabio Fimiani, Ilaria Jane Romano, Mario Crisci, Maria Giovanna Russo, Edward T.H. Yeh, and Raffaele Calabro

20 Is Diabetes a Risk Factor for Parkinson Disease? 327
Akhlaq A. Farooqui and Tahira Farooqui

21 Role of Iron in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome 335
Lu Cai

22 Contributions of AMP Kinase to the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes and Neurodegenerative Diseases 363
Mohamed Kodiha, Hicham Mahboubi, and Ursula Stochaj

23 A_ Deposition, Insulin Signaling, and Tau Phosphorylation in Animal Models of Alzheimer Disease and Diabetes 383
Naoyuki Sato and Ryuichi Morishita

24 In Vivo Evidence of the Convergence of Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer Disease 395
Sun Ah Park

25 Metabolic Syndrome and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease 409
John A. Larry

26 Contribution of Inflammation, Adiponectin, and Obesity in Cardiovascular Diseases 423
Harald Mangge and Gunter Almer

27 Brain and Cardiovascular Diseases: Molecular Aspects 439
Ewa Szczepanska-Sadowska

28 Molecular Aspects of Dietary–Exercise Regimen for the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome 461
Wataru Aoi

29 Ghrelin, Lipid Metabolism, and Metabolic Syndrome 475
Pablo B. Mart´ýnez de Morentin, Sulay Tovar, Rub´en Nogueiras, Miguel L´opez, and Carlos Di´eguez

30 Leptin and Cognitive Function 485
Jenni Harvey

31 Fructose, Sugar Consumption, and Metabolic Diseases 501
Virgile Lecoultre and Luc Tappy

32 Inflammation-Mediated Cognitive and Emotional Alterations in Experimental Models of Metabolic Syndrome 515
Nathalie Castanon and Sophie Lay´e

33 Summary and Perspective 529
Tahira Farooqui and Akhlaq A. Farooqui

Index 539

Color plate section is located between pages 196 and 197.