Pediatric Neurosurgery

PEDIATRIC NEUROSURGERY,THEORY AND ART OF SURGICAL TECHNIQUES is both a descriptive atlas and a text of theoretic principles; it is extensively illustrated and presents clincial entities in an integrated form, accentuating correlation of imaging with surgical planning and decision making .It presents a systematic review of the modern literature,

List of Contents.- 1 Positioning.- General Discussion.- Specific Positions.- Positioning of the Child Vis-à-vis the Surgeon's Line of Sight.- Positions of Surgeon, Assistants, and Nurse Around the Patient.- Accommodating Anesthesia.- General Positions.- Supine Position.- Prone Position.- Lounging Position.- References.- 2 Incisions: Scalp, Muscle, Tissue, and Tumor Hemostasis.- Specific Incisions for Surgical Approaches.- Bifrontal Incision.- Frontal Incision.- Frontoparietal Skin Incision for Frontoparietal Bur Holes.- Frontoparietal Incision for Posterofrontal or Anteroparietal Lesions.- Parietal Incision.- Parasagittal Incision.- Temporal Incision.- Occipital Incision.- Suboccipital Incision.- Combined Supra-and Infratentorial Incision.- Hemispherical Incision.- Laminotomy.- Techniques for Scalp Hemostasis in Various Ages: Newborn, Infant, Toddler.- Specific Types of Bleeding.- Closure.- Laminotomy.- 3 Bur Holes and Flaps.- Bur Holes: Frontoparietal (So-Called "Diagnostic").- Flaps.- Bifrontal Flap.- Frontal Flap.- Approaches to the Orbit.- Parietal Flap.- Parietotemporal Flap.- Biparietal Craniotomy.- Temporal Flaps.- Occipital Flaps.- Suboccipital Flaps.- Supra-and Infratentorial Craniotomy.- Hemispherical Craniotomy.- Laminotomy.- Bone Closure.- References.- 4 Suturotomy for Various Flaps in the Newborn and Infant.- 5 Dural Flaps.- General Comments.- Dural Openings.- Closure.- References.- 6 Cerebral Retraction.- Cistern Openings.- Use of Gravity.- Ambient Cistern Lesions.- Use of Cotton Fluffies and Telfa.- Self-Retaining Retractors.- References.- 7 Cerebrotomy.- Gyral Cerebrotomy.- Sulcal Cerebrotomy.- Small Vessels at the Depth of the Sulcus or Gyrus.- Cerebrotomy Through White Matter.- 8 Cerebral Resection.- Biopsy.- Lobectomy.- Hemispherectomy.- 9Epilepsy.- Results.- Definitions.- Epidemiology.- Classification of Epileptic Seizures.- Patient Selection.- Noninvasive Methodologies.- History and Physical.- EEG and Video- EEG.- Diagnosis by Imaging Studies.- Invasive Methodologies.- Operative Procedures.- References.- 10 Tumors.- Surgical Approach and Removal.- Bone Tumors.- Age and Brain Tumors.- Materials and Methods.- Hemispherical Tumors.- Ventricular Tumors.- Vermian Tumors.- Foramen Magnum Tumors.- Cerebellar Hemisphere Tumors.- Parasellar Tumors.- Corpus Callosum and Septum Pellucidum Tumors.- Spinal Tumors.- Intradural-Extramedullary Tumors.- Intramedullary Tumors.- References.- 11 Vascular Disorders: Surgical Approaches and Operative Technique.- Saccular Aneurysms.- Vascular Malformations.- Transcranial Venovenous Shunts.- Transcranial Arteriovenous Fistulae.- Dural Arteriovenous Fistulae.- Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis.- Parenchymal Arteriovenous Malformations.- Venous Angiomas.- Cerebellar Hemisphere.- Arteriovenous Malformations.- Orbital Cavernoma.- Brainstem Arteriovenous Malformations.- Spontaneous Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage.- Intraventricular Arteriovenous Malformations.- Arteriovenous Fistulae Involving Galenic System and/or Perimesencephalic Leptomeninges.- Heart Failure, Arteriovenous Shunting, Thrombophlebitis, and Hydrocephalus.- Endovascular Occlusion or Open Surgery.- References.- 12 Infections.- Osteomyelitis.- Epidural Empyema.- Subdural Abscess and Subdural Empyema.- Acute Meningitis with Hydrocephalus.- Brain Abscess.- Bur Hole and Cannula Drainage.- Craniotomy and Resection of the Abscess.- Pyocephalus.- Ventriculitis.- Subdural Effusions.- Cerebritis and Cerebellitis.- Wound Infections.- References.- 13 Trauma.- Injuries of the Scalp.- Cerebral Contusion and Edema.- Epidural Hematoma.- Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks.- Meningocele Spuria.- Child Abuse.- Post -traumatic Cerebrovascular Injuries.- False Aneurysms.- Cranioplasty.- Vertebral Fracture Dislocation.- References.- 14 Congenital Anomalies.- Congenital Anomalies Involving the Craniocerebrum and Craniocervical Junction.- Hypertelorism.- Arachnoidal Cysts.- Craniofacial Encephalomeningoceles.- Cranioschisis.- Cranial Meningoencephalocele.- Craniocerebral Disproportions: Chiari Malformations.- Separation of Craniopagus Twins.- Vertebrospinal Congenital Anomalies.- The Dysraphic State.- Nondysraphic Spinal Cord Anomalies and Congenital Tumors.- References.- 15 Hydrocephalus.- Definition and Classification.- Surgical Treatment and Prognosis.- Genesis of Parenchymal Destruction.- Diagnosis.- Treatment.- Intellectual Development and Quality of Survival.- Surgical Management.- Techniques for Cannulation of the Ventricles.- Shunts.- References.