Lasers in the Musculoskeletal System

I: Introduction.- History of Lasers in Orthopedic Medicine.- II: Basics.- Basic Laser Principles and Research:Introductory Remark.- Basics, Laser Physics and Safety for the Clinician's Requirement.- Value of infrared radiometry to Medical Laser Applications with Reference to Temperature Feedback and Tissue Welding Option.- Tissue Discrimination and Selectivity in Laser Application.- Measurement of Holmium:YAG Laser-Induced Temperature in Musculoskeletal Tissues Using an Experimental MRI Technique.- Fundamental Studies of Laser Energy for Joint Capsular Shrinkage.- In Vitro and Experimental Animal Research on Arthroscopic Laser Treatment of Cartilage - Setup Near to Clinical Application Condition.- Effects of Laser Irradiation on Cytokine Production of Rheumatoid Synovial Cells.- Bactericidal Effect of Argon Laser Irradiation with Dyes.- Experimental Photodynamic Laser Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Photo-san-3, 5-ALA-Induced PPIX and BPD Verteporfin in an Animal Model.- Bone Healing After Erbium:YAG Laser Osteotomy of Sheep Tibi.- Development of Laser Endoscope for Coagulation and Incision.- III: Arthroscopy.- Preface to Lasers in Arthroscopy.- Holmium:YAG-Laser-Assisted Arthroscopy Versus Conventional Methods for Treatment of the Knee.- Use of Holmium Laser in Patellofemoral Instability.- Laser Abrasion Multiple Puncturing (LAMP) in Osteoarthritis of the Knee.- Chondroplasty Using the Holmium:YAG Lase.- Lateral Retinacular Release Using Laser.- Meniscectomy Using Laser.- Holmium-2.1-Laser-Assisted Knee Arthroscopy: Clincal Outcome and Complications in 1000 Case.- Complications of Arthroscopic Laser Surgery.- MRI Modifications After Ho-2.1 Laser Knee Arthoscopy.- Laser Surgery on the Menisci.- Soft Tissue Shortening with the Ho:YAG Laser: Experimental Model,Structural Effects, and Histologic and Ultrastructural Analysis.- Basic Properties of Collagen Shrinkage and Laser-Collagen Interaction.- Effects of Laser on the Anterior Band of the Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament.- The Ho:YAG Laser in Shoulder Surgery.- Arthroscopic Treatment of Shoulder Joint Instability Using Laser-Assisted Capsular Shift.- Laser-Assisted Arthroscopy of the Shoulder - What Merit Does Laser Surgery Have in Modern Shoulder Surgery?.- IV: Low Level Laser.- Preface to Low Level Laser Therapy.- Low-Level Energy Laser Therapy in the Musculoskeletal System.- Low-Level Laser Therapy.- V: Spine.- Preface.- Anatomical Concepts in Applied Surgery of the Lumbar Spine: An Endoscopic View.- The Pathobiology of the Intervertebral Disc.- Open Lumbar Discectomy After Percutaneous Laser Disc Decompression (PLDD): Clinical and Histological Results.- Quantitative Analysis of the Ablation Effects of Holmium:YAG and Neodymium:YAG Laser in Human Spinal Disc Tissue.- Biomechanics of the Spine: The Engineer's View.- Clinical Instability of the Lumbar Spine After Microdiscectomy.- Optical Properties of the Human Lumbar Intervertebral Disc.- Clinical Results of Percutaneous Laser Disc Decompression and Targeted Literature Review.- Economic Measurement in Spinal Surgery - The Contribution of Quality-Adjusted Life Years.- MRI Scans of the Lumbosacral Spine Under Compression.- Patient Selection for Percutaneous Laser Discectomy.- Endoscopically Determined Pain Sources in the Lumbar Spin.- Laser Disc Decompression - A Treatment Algorithm.- An X-ray Jig To Facilitate the Percutaneous Posterolateral Approach to the Lumbar Spine.- Experiences in 120 Cases with Percutaneous Non-endoscopic Laser Disc Decompression (PLDD) Using the Nd:YAG Laser System in the Cervical Spine -Retrospective Study of 40 Cases.- Infrared Thermography and the Determination of the Ablation Volume in Cervical Laser Discectomy.- Percutaneous Cervical Discectomy with Forceps and Endoscopic Ho:YAG Laser.- Percutaneous Laser Disc Decompression (PLDD): Twelve Years' Experience with 752 Procedures in 518 Patient.- Lumbar Disc Operation: Results of Percutaneous Laser Disc Decompression (PLDD).- Lumbar Percutaneous KTP 532-nm Laser Disc Decompression and Disc Ablation in the Management of Discogenic Pain.- Laser Foraminoscopic Surgery.- Endoscopic Formainoplasty: An Independent Prospective Evaluation.- Endoscopic Percutaneous Lumbar Disc Decompression with the Ho:YAG Laser(Ho:YAG EPLDD).- Percutaneous Transforaminal Laser-Assisted Surgery in the Epidural Space for Noncontained Herniated Disc.- Percutaneous Foraminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy - Evolution from a Laparascopic Technique.- Complications of Percutaneous Laser Disc Decompression (PLDD).- Bone Necrosis Adjacent to the Disc After Percutaneous Laser Disc Decompression - An Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- Potential Operative Complications of Percutaneous Laser Discectomy.