Adaptation in Sports Training

Viru, Atko

PrefaceGeneral Outlines of Adaptation Processes and the Biological Nature of Exercise TrainingAdaptation and TrainingThe Nature of Exercise TrainingModel of the Top AthleteReferencesHormones in Adaptation to Physical Exercises: Hormonal Responses to ExerciseBlood Hormonal Ensemble During ExerciseDeterminants of Hormonal ResponsesFactors Modulating Hormonal Responses to ExerciseReferencesSignificance of Hormones in Regulation of Metabolism During ExerciseFactors Determining the Hormone EffectMobilization of Energy ReservesMobilization of Protein ResourcesHomeostatic Regulation of Water-Electrolyte Balance During ExerciseReferencesPost-Exercise Recovery PeriodOutlines of the Post-Exercise RecoveryRestoration of Normal Functional ActivitiesRepletion of Energy StoresReconstructive Function of the Recovery ProcessConclusions ReferencesSpecific Nature of Skeletal MusclesHypertrophy of MyofibrilsContractile Mechanism Mitochondria and Oxidative EnzymesEnzymes of Anaerobic Pathways of ATP ResynthesisIntramuscular Energy Stores and MyoglobinMuscle CapillarizationFiber Type Transformation ProblemConclusionReferencesSpecificity of Training Effects on Aerobic Working Capacity and the Cardiovascular SystemTraining Effects on Anaerobic Threshold and Maximal Oxygen UptakeSpecificity of Training Effects on the Cardiovascular SystemReferencesSpecificity of Training Effects on Control Functions and the Connective TissueEndocrine FunctionsNeural AdaptationReferencesMolecular Mechanisms of Training EffectsProtein Synthesis in TrainingMetabolic Control of Protein Synthesis in TrainingHormonal Action on Adaptive Protein Synthesis in TrainingAdaptive Protein Synthesis in the MyocardiumOther Theories of Training MechanismsConclusionReferencesGender Differences in Training EffectsMetabolic C