Quantitative Environmental Risk Analysis for Human Health (eBook)

ROBERT A. FJELD, PhD, is the Dempsey Professor of Waste Management, Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, at Clemson University. He was among the first to develop curriculum covering quantitative human health risk assessment for both chemical and radiological contaminants. NORMAN A. EISENBERG, PhD, has over thirty years of experience in environmental risk analysis, including work on environmental analysis within the federal government (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Department of Energy) and as a consultant, and teaching graduate environmental courses at the University of Maryland. KEITH L. COMPTON, PhD, is a systems performance analyst in the Division of Waste Management at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Preface.

1 Introduction.

1.1 Risk Analysis.

1.2 Risk.

1.3 Contaminants in the Environment.

1.4 Uses of Environmental Risk Assessment.

1.5 Risk Assessment Process.

References.

Additional Reading.

Problems.

2 Fundamental Aspects of Environmental Modeling.

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Modeling Process.

2.3 Physical and Mathematical Basis for Risk AssessmentModels.

2.4 Contaminant Transport Equation.

References.

Problems.

3 Release Assessment.

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Conceptual Model.

3.3 Contaminant Identification.

3.4 Emission-Rate Quantification.

References.

Additional Reading.

Problems.

4 Environmental Transport Theory.

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 One-Dimensional Solutions of the Contaminant TransportEquation.

4.3 Three-Dimensional Contaminant Transport.

4.4 Advanced Solution Methods.

References.

Additional Reading.

Problems.

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 Types of Surface Water Bodies.

5.3 Sorption.

5.4 Transport Modeling.

References.

Additional Reading.

Problems.

6 Groundwater Transport.

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Subsurface Characterization.

6.3 Saturated Flow in Porous Media.

6.4 Sorption.

6.5 Subsurface Contaminant Transport Modeling.

6.6 Other Considerations in Groundwater Transport.

References.

Additional Reading.

Problems.

7 Atmospheric Transport.

7.1 Introduction.

7.2 Atmospheric Dispersion.

7.3 Atmospheric Transport Models.

7.4 Other Considerations.

References.

Additional Reading.

Problems.

8 Food Chain Transport.

8.1 Introduction.

8.2 Concentration in Soil.

8.3 Concentration in Vegetation.

8.4 Concentration in Animals.

References.

Problems.

9 Exposure Assessment.

9.1 Introduction.

9.2 Dose.

9.3 Contaminant Intake.

9.4 Dose Calculations.

References.

Problems.

10 Basic Human Toxicology.

10.1 Introduction.

10.2 Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology.

10.3 Mechanisms and Effects of Toxicity.

References.

Additional Reading.

Problems.

11 Dose-Response and Risk Characterization.

11.1 Introduction.

11.2 Biological Basis of Dose-Response Modeling.

11.3 Elements of Quantitative Dose-Response Analysis.

11.4 Dose-Response Modeling.

11.5 Risk Characterization.

11.6 Regulatory Implementation.

References.

Additional Reading.

Problems.

12 Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analyses.

12.1 Introduction.

12.2 Types and Sources of Uncertainty.

12.3 Statistical Fundamentals.

12.4 Uncertainty Propagation.

References.

Problems.

13 Stakeholder Involvement and Risk Communication.

13.1 Introduction.

13.2 Stakeholder Involvement.

13.3 Risk Communication.

References.

Problems.

14 Environmental Risk Management.

14.1 Introduction.

14.2 Risk Management Process.

14.3 Risk Management Methods.

References.

Problems.

15 Environmental Laws and Regulations.

15.1 Introduction.

15.2 General Legal and Regulatory Structure for EnvironmentalProtection.

15.3 Major Federal Environmental Laws and Regulations.

15.4 CERCLA Process.

15.5 Additional Regulations.

References.

Problems.

Appendix A Mathematical Tools.

A.1 Special Functions.

A.2 Laplace Transforms.

References.

Additional Reading.

Appendix B Degradation and Decay Parameters.

Index.

"For bold statisticians who want to break new ground and are
willing to invest some time and effort in learning the terminology,
mathematical models, and culture of environmental risk assessment,
this book may be an invaluable resource." (Biometrics,
September 2008)

"...well-written and useful to both academia and
professional audiences." (Journal of Environmental Quality,
September-October 2007)

"...I would enthusiastically adopt for a risk analysis
course if I were to teach one. It is good." (Journal of
Hazardous Materials, July 16, 2007)

"The book is designed for both academic and professional
audiences, to allow flexible approaches to instruction."
(Environmental Geology, 2007)