Thyroid Surgery: Preventing and Managing Complicat ions

EDITED BY Paolo Miccoli, MD, Professor of Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy David J. Terris, MD, FACS, Porubsky Professor and Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA Michele N. Minuto, MD, PhD, Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy Melanie W. Seybt, Columbia Ear, Nose and Throat Associates, Columbia, SC, USA

Contributors, vii Foreword, xi Preface, xiii About the companion website, xv Part I Epidemiology and Acceptable Rates of Complications Following Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery 1 Incidence of Morbidity Following Thyroid Surgery: Acceptable Morbidity Rates, 3 Paolo Miccoli, Michele N. Minuto and Mario Miccoli 2 Medical Malpractice and Surgery of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands, 13 Daniel D. Lydiatt and Robert Lindau 3 Extent of Thyroidectomy and Incidence of Morbidity: Risk-appropriate Treatment, 19 Dana M. Hartl and Martin Schlumberger 4 Thyroid Surgery in Paediatric Patients, 33 Scott A. Rivkees, Christopher K. Breuer and Robert Udelsman Part II Best Practices in Thyroid Surgery 5 How to Perform a 'Safe' Thyroidectomy: 'Tips and Tricks', 45 Elliot J. Mitmaker and Quan-Yang Duh 6 Minimally Invasive Video-assisted Thyroidectomy, 53 Paolo Miccoli, Michele N. Minuto and Piero Berti 7 Robotic Thyroid Surgery, 61 Michael C. Singer and David J. Terris 8 Extensive Surgery for Thyroid Cancer: Central Neck Dissection, 67 Emad H. Kandil, Salem I. Noureldine and Ralph P. Tufano 9 Extensive Surgery for Thyroid Cancer: Lateral Neck Dissection, 79 Dana M. Hartl, Haitham Mirghani and Daniel F. Brasnu 10 Surgery for Retrosternal/Upper Mediastinal Thyroid/Parathyroid Disease, 93 Jeffrey J. Houlton and David L. Steward 11 Reoperative Thyroid Surgery, 105 N. Gopalakrishna Iyer and Ashok R. Shaha 12 How to Use Energy Devices and their Potential Hazards, 111 Paolo Miccoli and Michele N. Minuto Part III Intraoperative Complications: The 'Classic' Issues 13 The Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve, 119 David Goldenberg and Gregory W. Randolph 14 The Superior Laryngeal Nerve, 129 Tammy M. Holm and Sara I. Pai 15 The Parathyroid Glands in Thyroid Surgery, 137 Maisie Shindo 16 Cosmetic Complications, 145 Melanie W. Seybt and David J. Terris Part IV Intraoperative Complications: The Rare Ones 17 Management and Prevention of Laryngotracheal and Oesophageal Injuries in Thyroid Surgery, 153 Eran E. Alon and Mark L. Urken 18 Injury of the Major Vessels, 161 Lourdes Quintanilla-Dieck and Neil D. Gross 19 Lesions Following Lateral Neck Dissection: Phrenic, Vagus and Accessory Nerve Injury, and Chyle Leak, 169 Clive S. Grant 20 Amiodarone-induced Thyrotoxicosis and Thyroid Storm, 179 Fausto Bogazzi, Luca Tomisti, Piero Berti and Enio Martino Part V Postoperative Complications Requiring Urgent Treatment 21 Respiratory Failure Following Extubation, 191 Moran Amit and Dan M. Fliss 22 Postoperative Bleeding, 199 Richelle T. Williams and Peter Angelos 23 The Occurrence and Management of Pneumothorax in Thyroid Surgery, 209 Kamran Samakar, Jason Wallen and Alfred Simental Part VI Postoperative Complications 24 The Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve, 221 Michele P. Morrison and Gregory N. Postma 25 The Parathyroids, 227 Claudio Marcocci and Luisella Cianferotti 26 The Rare Ones: Horner's Syndrome, Complications from Surgical Positioning and Post-sternotomy Complications, 237 Lukas H. Kus and Jeremy L. Freeman 27 Late Complications of Thyroid Surgery, 249 Dennis R. Maceri 28 Post-thyroidectomy Distress: Voice and Swallowing Impairment Following Thyroidectomy, 257 Mira Milas and Zvonimir Milas Part VII New Issues: Complications Following Minimally Invasive and Robotic Techniques 29 Minimally Invasive Techniques Performed Through the Neck Access, 271 Paolo Miccoli, Michele N. Minuto and Valeria Matteucci 30 Minimally Invasive Techniques Performed Through Other Accesses, 275 Kee-Hyun Nam and William B. Inabnet III 31 Complications of Robotic Thyroidectomy, 285 David J. Terris and Michael C. Singer Part VIII Iatrogenic Hypothyroidism, Metabolic Effects of Post-thyroidectomy Thyroid Hormone Replacement, and Quality of Life after Thyroid Surgery 32 Iatrogenic Hypothyroidism and Its Sequelae, 293 Paolo Vitti and Francesco Latrofa 33 Quality of Life after Thyroid Surgery, 305 Alessandro Antonelli and Poupak Fallahi Index, 311