Atlas of Developmental Field Anomalies of the Human Skeleton (eBook)

Ethne Barnes is well known for her 1994 book, Developmental Defects of the Axial Skeleton, still widely in use today. A recognized specialist in the area of skeletal defects, Dr. Barnes is probably the premier expert in congenital defects of the central part of the skeleton. Currently she works as Physical Anthropologist / Paleoanthropologist for Corinth Excavations, ASCS in Tucson Arizona.

Introduction

AXIAL SKELETON

A. Skull

A-1 Cranial development

A-2 Face development

A-3 External auditory meatus and tympanic plate development

A-4 Stylohyoid chain development

A-5 Skull base development

B. Vertebral Column

B-1 Vertebral border shifting

B-2 Extra vertebral segment (transitional vertebra)

B-3 Cleft neural arch

B-4 Cleft atlas anterior arch

B-5 Notochord defect sagittal cleft vertebra

B-6 Neural tube defect spina bifida

B-7 Hemivertebra--hemimetameric shifts

B-8 Lateral hypoplasia/aplasia

B-9 Ventral hypoplasia/aplasia

B-10 Dorsal hypoplasia/aplasia

B-11 Single block vertebra

B-12 Neural arch complex disorders

B-13 Atlas posterior/lateral bridging

B-14 Multiple vertebral anomalies

B-15 Sacral agenesis versus hemisacrum

B-16 Enlarged anterior basivertebral foramina

C. Ribs

C-1 Supernumerary ribs

C-2 Rib hypoplasia/aplasia

C-3 Merged ribs

C-4 Bifurcated ribs

C-5 Other rib anomalies

D. Sternum

D-1 Suprasternal ossicles

D-2 Mesosternum shape variations

D-3 Manubrium-mesosternal joint fusion

D-4 Misplaced manubrium-mesosternal joint

D-5 Mesosternal hypoplasia/aplasia

D-6 Sternal hyperplasia

D-7 Sternal aperture

D-8 Sternal caudal clefting

D-9 Bifurcated sternum

D-10 Pectus excavatum (funnel chest)

D-11 Pectus carinatum (pigeon breast)

APPENDICULAR SKELETON

E. Upper limbs

E-1 Clavicle development

E-2 Scapula development

E-3 Humerus development

E-4 Radius and ulna development

E-5 Carpus development

E-6 Digital development

F. Lower Limbs

Lower limb development

F-1 Innominate development

F-2 Femur development

F-3 Patella development

F-4 Tibia and Fibula development

F-5 Tarsus development

F-6 Digital development