Textbook of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care

Edited By Eduardo Bruera, MD, Professor and Chair, Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, U.T. MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA Irene J. Higginson, BMed Sci, BMBS, FFPHM, PhD, FRCP, Professor and Head of Department, Department of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, UK Charles F. von Gunten, MD, PhD, Director, Center for Palliative Studies, San Diego Hospice and Palliative Care, San Diego, California, USA Tatsuya Morita, MD, Department of Palliative and Supportive Care, Seirei Hospice, and Palliative Care Team, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan

THE DEVELOPMENT OF PALLIATIVE MEDICINE
Development of Palliative Medicine in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Bill Noble and Michelle Winslow
Development of Palliative Care in Europe
Carl Johan Fürst and Lukas Radbruch
Development of Palliative Care in Canada
John F. Scott, Jose Pereira, and Peter Lawlor
Development of Palliative Medicine in the United States
Charles F. von Gunten
Development of Palliative Medicine in Latin America
Roberto Wenk
Development of Palliative Medicine in Africa
Liz Gwyther, Sue Boucher, and Richard Harding
Development of Palliative Care in Australia and New Zealand
Jane Phillips, Jane M. ingham, and Rod MacLeod
Development of Palliative Medicine in Asia
Satoru Tsuneto
Palliative Care as A Public Health Issue
E. Iris Groeneveld and Irene J. Higginson
Palliative Care as A Primary Care Issue
Scott A. Murray
Future of Palliative Medicine
Charles F. von Gunten, and Irene J. Higginson
Palliative Care and Supportive Care
Eduardo Bruera and David Hui

BIOETHICS
Bioethical Principles in Palliative Care
Paulina Taboada
Ethics in the Practice of Palliative Care
James A. Tulsky
Dignity in Palliative Care
Susan E. McClement, Harvey Max Chochinov, and Maia Kredentser

PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES OF GLOBAL RESEARCH
Transcultural Palliative Care
Carl Johan Fürst and Solvig Ekblad
Palliative Care: Global Situation and Initiatives
Liliana De Lima

EDUCATION
Undergraduate Education in Palliative Medicine
Doreen oneschuk
Graduate Education for Nonspecialists
Ilora G. Finlay and Simon I.R. Noble
Changing the Norms of Palliative Care Practice by Changing the Norms of Education and Quality Improvement: A Case Example
Linda Emanuel

RESEARCH AND AUDIT
Challenges of Research in Palliative and Supportive Medicine
Irene J. Higginson
The Population: Who Are the Subjects in Palliative Medicine Research?
Claudia Bausewein and Fliss E.M. Murtagh
Study Designs in Palliative Medicine
Massimo Costantini
Outcome Measurement in Palliative Care
Joan M. Teno
Ethics in Palliative Care Research
Jonathan Koffman, Katie Stone, and Fliss E.M. Murtagh
Practical Tips for Successful Research in Palliative Care
Eduardo Bruera and Sriram Yennurajalingam
Audit and Quality Improvement in Palliative Care Research
Hsien-Yeang Seow, Deanna Bryant, Sarah Myers, and Joanne Lynn

ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNANCE
Adoption of Palliative Care: The Engineering of Organizational Change
Winford E. (Dutch) Holland
Principles of Measuring the Financial Outcomes of Specialist Palliative Care Programs
J. Brian Cassel and Thomas J. Smith
Organization and Support of the interdisciplinary Team
Karen Macmillan and Louise Kashuba, Bette Emery
Population-Based Needs assessment for Patient and Family Care
Irene J. Higginson and Charles F. von Gunten
Palliative Care Consult Team
Rachel M. Adams, Alexie Cintron, and Diane E. Meier
Models of Palliative Care Delivery
Badi El Osta and Eduardo Bruera
Palliative Home Care
Roberto Wenk
Palliative Day-Care Centers and Day Hospitals
Bruno Gagnon
Inpatient Hospices
Jeremy Keen
Palliative Care Unit
Karen Macmillan, Kelley Fournier, and Beth Tupala

OVERVIEW OF ASSESSMENT
Multidimensional Patient assessment
Marvin Omar Delgado-Guay, Eduardo Bruera
Tools for Pain and Symptom assessment
Victor T. Chang
Quality of Life assessment in Palliative Care
S. Robin Cohen and Richard Sawatzky

PAIN
Pathophysiology of Chronic Pain
Sebastiano Mercadante
Causes and Mechanisms of Pain in Palliative Care Patients
Marieberta Vidal and Suresh K. Reddy
Opioid Analgesics
Geana Paula Kurita, Stein Kaasa, and Per Sjøgren
Assessment and Management of Opioid Side Effects
Shalini Dalal
Adjuvant Analgesic Drugs
Russell K. Portenoy, Evgenia Krotova, and David Lussier
Alternative Routes for Systemic Opioid Delivery
Carla Ida Ripamonti and Monica Bosco
Spinal Analgesia and Neurolysis
Seiji Hattori
Anesthesiological Procedures in Palliative Care
Sarah Gebauer
Pain Management in Pediatrics
Regina Okhuysen-Cawley
Pain in the Older Adult
Linh My Thi Nguyen and Jen-Yu Wei
Neuropathic Pain
Paolo Marchettini, Fabio formaglio, and Marco Lacerenza
Bone Cancer Pain and Skeletal Complications
Yoko Tarumi
Breakthrough (Episodic) Pain in Cancer Patients
Shirley H. Bush
Symptom Burden, Pain, and the Problems with "Somatization" Diagnosis
Carrie J. Aigner and Diane M. Novy
Pain in Patients with Alcohol and Drug Dependence
Julie R. Price, Steven D. Passik, and Kenneth L. Kirsh

GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEMS
Pathophysiology of Cachexia-Anorexia Syndrome
Egidio Del Fabbro
Overview of the Management of the Anorexia/Weight Loss Syndrome
Cara Bondly and Aminah Jatoi
Nausea/Vomiting
Sebastiano Mercadante
Constipation and Diarrhea
Jay R. Thomas
Malignant Ascites
Jeremy Keen
Jaundice
Nathan I. Cherny and Batsheva Werman
Malignant Bowel Obstruction
Carla Ida Ripamonti, Alexandra M. Easson, and Hans Gerdes
Endoscopic Treatment of Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Pasquale Spinelli

FATIGUE
Pathophysiology of Fatigue
Claudia Gamondi and Hans Neuenschwander
Physical Activity in Palliative and Supportive Care
Sonya S. Lowe, Kerry S. Courneya
Assessment and Management of Fatigue
Sriram Yennurajalingam and Eduardo Bruera

RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS
Dyspnea
Jay R. Thomas
Other Respiratory Symptoms (Cough, Hiccup, and Secretions)
Sarah Mollart, Tabitha Thomas, Rosemary Wade, and Sara Booth

NEUROPSYCHIATRICS
Depression/Anxiety
Tatsuo Akechi and Yosuke Uchitomi
Delirium
Yesne Alici and William Breitbart
Sleep Disturbances in Advanced Cancer Patients
Sandra L. Pedraza, Dave Balachandran, and Sriram Yennurajalingam
Counseling in Palliative Care
Kimberley Miller and David W. Kissane
Hope in End-of-Life Care
Cheryl L. Nekolaichuk

ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF OTHER PROBLEMS
Dehydration and Rehydration
Robin L. Fainsinger
Fever, Sweats, and Hot Flashes
Ahsan Azhar and Shalini Dalal
Pruritus
Katie Taylor and andrew Thorns
Infections in Palliative Care
Rudolph M. Navari, Christopher Green, Michelle L. Haney, and Nathan L. Roach
Pressure Ulcers/Wounds
Kathryn G. Froiland
Mouth Care
Flavio Fusco
Fistulas
Fabio Fulfaro and Carla Ida Ripamonti
Assessment and Management of Lymphedema
Ying Guo and Benedict Konzen

EMERGENCIES IN PALLIATIVE MEDICINE
Hypercalcemia
Kimberson C. Tanco and Paul W. Walker
Hemorrhage
Jen-Yu Wei and Sriram Yennurajalingam
Spinal Cord Compression
Nora A. Janjan, Stephen Lutz, and Edward Chow
Clinical Features and Management of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Álvaro Sanz and Carlos Centeno
Acute Pain and Management
Mellar P. Davis and Pam Gamier
Suicide
Yesne Alici, Reena Jaiswal, Hayley Pessin, and William Breitbart

SPECIFIC CONDITIONS AND SITUATIONS
Cancer: Radiotherapy
Luluel Khan, Edward Chow, and Elizabeth A. Barnes
Chemotherapy, Hormonal Therapy, and Targeted Agents
David Hui
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Benedict Konzen and Ki Y. Shin
Integrative and Palliative Medicine
Gabriel Lopez, Richard Lee, and Lorenzo Cohen
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Palliative Care
Richard Harding, Robert E. Hirschtick, and Jamie H. Von Roenn
Neurological Diseases
Tobias Walbert
End-Stage Congestive Heart Failure
Kristian M. Bailey and Mark T. Kearney
Palliative Care for Children
Finella Craig and Julie Bayliss
Geriatric Palliative Care
Kimberson C. Tanco and Maxine de la Cruz
Advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Graeme M. Rocker, Joanne Young, and J. Randall Curtis
Other Infectious Diseases: Malaria, Rabies, Tuberculosis
Sue Marsden
Practical Aspects of Palliative Care Delivery in the Developing World
Liliana De Lima and Roberto Wenk
Prognostic indicators of Survival
Caterina Modonesi, Augusto T. Caraceni, and Marco Maltoni
Palliative Sedation
Nathan I. Cherny

INTERDISCIPLINARY ISSUES
Physical and Occupational therapies in Palliative Care
Hitoshi Okamura, Yoshiyuki Masuda, and Hisako Tajiri
Staff Stress and Burnout in Palliative Care
Mary L.S. Vachon and Lise Fillion
Communication in Palliative Care
Josephine M. Clayton and Martin H.N. Tattersall
Spiritual Care
Marvin Omar Delgado-Guay
Family Caregivers
Rony Dev and Mary Dev
Bereavement
Victoria H. Raveis
Children of Palliative Care Patients
Estela Beale

THE ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF EFFECTS OF MEDICAL TREATMENTS
Chemotherapy- and Radiotherapy-induced Emesis
Joseph Arthur
Neutropenic Fever
Hiroshi Ishiguro and Harumi Gomi
Anemia-Related Fatigue
Toshiyuki Kitano and Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
Platelets and Bleeding: Thrombosis Risks
Yukiko Mori
Integrative Medicine in Palliative Care
Robert Alan Bonakdar, Erminia Guarneri, and David C. Leopold
Alternative Medicine: The Approach To the Patient Wanting to Go To Tijuana
Richard Lee, Gabriel Lopez, Daniel Epner, and Michael Fisch
Side Effects of Radiation therapy
Alysa Fairchild and Elizabeth A. Barnes
Cardiac and Pulmonary Toxicities of Treatments
Marieberta Vidal
Oral Complications of Cancer Therapies
Siri Beier Jensen and Deborah P. Saunders
Dermatologic Side Effects
Jen-Yu Wei
Peripheral Neuropathy and Neurotoxicity
Ivo W. Tremont-Lukats and Pedro Garciarena
Sex and Sexuality
Mary K. Hughes
Managing Communication Challenges with Patients and Families
Anthony L. Back
Supportive and Palliative Care for Patients with HIV Infection
Elizabeth J. Chuang and Peter A. Selwyn
Implantable Cardiac Devices
Laura J. Morrison
Supportive Care for Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease
Sara N. Davison
Palliative Care in the Emergency Department
Travis DeVader and Tammie Quest
Symptom Control in Stem-Cell Transplantation: A Multidisciplinary Palliative Care Team Approach
Eric Roeland, William Mitchell, Carolyn Mulroney, Kathryn Thornberry, Rabia Atayee, and Joseph Ma, Heather Herman

REHABILITATION AND SURVIVORSHIP
End of therapy: Building the Psychosocial and Spiritual Bridges to Survivorship
Marvin Omar Delgado-Guay and Silvia Tanzi
Rehabilitation in the Acute and Chronic Care Setting
Benedict Konzen and Ying Guo, Ki Y. Shin
Long-Term Cognitive Function
Asao Ogawa
Gonadal Functions and Reproductive Health
Koji Kawai and Hiroyuki Nishiyama
Genetic Counseling in the Palliative Care Setting
Lisa Madlensky, Eric Roeland, and Kim Bower
Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Ryo Kozu