Uremic Toxins (eBook)

TOSHIMITSU NIWA, MD, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Advanced Medicine for Uremia at the Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine. President of the Japanese Society for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Dr. Niwa has received many honors for his research, including the Kimoto Prize of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy and the International Society of Uremia Research and Toxicity Award. He has published more than 300 articles in peer-reviewed journals.

PREFACE ix

CONTRIBUTORS xi

SECTION 1: UREMIC TOXINS 1

1. Uremic Toxins: An Integrated Overview of Definition and
Classification 3

Richard J. Glassock and Shaul G. Massry

2. Classification and a List of Uremic Toxins 13

Nathalie Neirynck, Rita De Smet, Eva Schepers, Raymond
Vanholder, and Griet Glorieux

3. Analysis of Uremic Toxins with Mass Spectrometry 35

Toshimitsu Niwa

SECTION 2: SELECTED UREMIC TOXINS 51

4. Indoxyl Sulfate 53

Toshimitsu Niwa

5. p-Cresyl Sulfate 77

Anneleen Pletinck, Raymond Vanholder, and Griet Glorieux

6. 3-Carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic Acid 87

Toshimitsu Niwa

7. Phenylacetic Acid 99

Anna Schulz and Joachim Jankowski

8. Homocysteine and Hydrogen Sulfide, Two Opposing Aspects in
the Pathobiology of Sulfur Compounds in Chronic Renal Failure
109

Alessandra F. Perna and Diego Ingrosso

9. Guanidino Compounds 125

Sunny Eloot, Griet Glorieux, Peter Paul De Deyn, and Raymond
Vanholder

10. Asymmetric Dimethylarginine 143

Vladimyr Teplan and Jaroslav Racek

11. Nicotinamide Metabolites 163

Boleslaw Rutkowski and Przemyslaw Rutkowski

12. Dicarbonyls (Glyoxal, Methylglyoxal, and 3-Deoxyglucosone)
177

Naila Rabbani and Paul J. Thornalley

13. Glucose Degradation Products in Peritoneal Dialysis
193

Monika Pischetsrieder and Sabrina Gensberger

14. Dinucleoside Polyphosphates 209

Joachim Jankowski and Vera Jankowski

15. Parathyroid Hormone 227

Shaul G. Massry and Miroslaw Smogorzewski

16. b2-Microglobulin 249

Suguru Yamamoto, Junichiro James Kazama, Hiroki Maruyama, Ichiei
Narita, and Fumitake Gejyo

17. Cytokines 259

BjEURorn Anderstam, Bengt Lindholm, and Peter
Stenvinkel

18. Free Immunoglobulin Light Chains 279

Gerald Cohen and Walter H. HEURorl

19. Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) 293

Naila Rabbani and Paul J. Thornalley

20. Oxidized Albumin 305

Maurizio Bruschi, Giovanni Candiano, Laura Santucci, and Gian
Marco Ghiggeri

SECTION 3: THERAPEUTIC REMOVAL OF UREMIC TOXINS 315

21. Therapeutic Removal of Uremic Toxins by Hemodialysis
317

Tammy L. Sirich, Pavel Aronov, and Timothy W. Meyer

22. Therapeutic Removal of Uremic Toxins by Peritoneal Dialysis
331

Malgorzata Debowska, Elvia Garcya-Lopez, Jacek Waniewski, and
Bengt Lindholm

23. Therapeutic Removal of Uremic Toxins by Oral Sorbent
359

Toshimitsu Niwa

INDEX 373