Pituitary Disorders – Diagnosis and Management

Sylvia Asa, MD, PhD, Clinical Department Head, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, University Health Network and Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Canada. Edward R. Laws, MD, FACS, Director, Pituitary/Neuroendocrine Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Shereen Ezzat, FACO, FRCPC, MD, Professor of Medicine & Oncology Head, Endocrine Oncology Site Group, Princess Margaret Hospital, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Linda Rio, MA, MFT, Pituitary Network Association, Los Angeles, California, USA.

List of Contributors, xxx Introduction Robert Knutzen SECTION 1: OVERVIEW 1 The Endocrine System Sylvia L. Asa and Shereen Ezzat 2 Signs and Symptoms of Pituitary Disease Physical Eva Fernandez-Rodriguez, Ignacio Bernabeu and Felipe F. Casanueva Emotional Eva N. Kassi, Gregory A. Kaltsas, George P. Chrousos Psychosocial Aspects Valerie Golden SECTION 2: DISORDERS 3 Acromegaly Shereen Ezzat 4 Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency Tobias Else, Richard J. Auchus 5 Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency T. Brooks Vaughan III, Kristen O Riley, Lewis S Blevins Jr. 6 Pituitary Carcinoma Sylvia L. Asa 7 Craniopharyngioma Jessica K. Devin 8 Cushing's Syndrome Lewis S. Blevins, Jr. 9 Empty Sella Syndrome Michael C. Oh and Manish K. Aghi 10 Familial pituitary adenomas Laura C. Hernandez-Ramirez, Marta Korbonits 11 FSH and LH Secreting Tumors Bahram Khazai, Ronald S. Swerdloff and Christina Wang 12 Hypopituitarism Klara J. Rosenquist and Ursula B. Kaiser 13 Clinically Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas Brandon A. Miller, Adriana G. Ioachimescu, Nelson M. Oyesiku 14 Prolactinoma Luis Sobrinho 15 Rathke's Cleft Cysts Seunggu J. Han, Arman Jahangiri, Manish K. Aghi 16 Thyroid Hormone Deficiency Whitney W. Woodmansee 17 Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Secreting Tumor A Lania, L Persani, Paolo Beck-Peccoz 18 Pituitary disorders -- specific issues for women Maria Fleseriu, Christine G.Yedinak,Jessica Brzana and Shirley McCartney 19 Hypogonadism and male sexual function. Prasanth N. Surampudi, Christina Wang and Ronald Swerdloff 20 Specific to Children Kathryn Pade and Mitchell E. Geffner SECTION 3: DIAGNOSING PITUITARY DISORDERS 21 Physical examination Laurence Katznelson 22 Pituitary Endocrine Function Testing Shereen Ezzat SECTION 4: TREATMENT OF PITUITARY DISORDERS 23 Medical management of pituitary adenomas Paolo Cappabianca, Daniel M. Prevedello, Michelangelo de Angelis, Andressa Bornschein, Leo F. S. Ditzel Filho, Domenico Solari, Ricardo L. Carrau, Felice Esposito, Danielle de Lara, Luigi M. Cavallo, Annamaria Colao 24 Surgical Pure endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery Gautam U. Mehta, John A. Jane, Jr Open transcranial approaches to the sella Ian F. Dunn Endoscopic Skull Base Approaches Tong Yang and Theodore H. Schwartz Transnasal Endoscope-Assisted Transsphenoidal Approach for Pituitary Tumors Huy T. Duong and Daniel F. Kelly 25 Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Pituitary Adenomas Brian J. Williams, Stephen J. Monteith, Jason P. Sheehan 26 Hormone Replacement Therapy Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults Joseph A.M.J.L. Janssen and Aart Jan van der Lely Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children Alan D. Rogol Pituitary Hormone Replacement in Women Adriana G. Ioachimescu SECTION 5: COMPLICATIONS THAT ACCOMPANY PITUITARY DISEASE 27 Complications of pituitary disease Cardiac complications of pituitary diseases Ludovica F. S. Grasso, Alessia Cozzolino, Annamaria Colao Cognitive dysfunction Krystallenia I. Alexandraki, Gregory A. Kaltsas, George P. Chrousos Diabetes insipidus Marco Faustini-Fustini and Giorgio Frank Headaches Paul B. Rizzoli Obesity Andrea L. Utz Osteoporosis Andrea L. Utz Permanent hormone deficiency Andrea L. Utz Visual Deficits Caused By Pituitary Tumors Sashank Prasad SECTION 6: GENERAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL EFFECTS 28 General Psychological and Psychosocial Effects of Pituitary Disorders Valerie Golden SECTION 7: LONG TERM: WHAT YOU AND YOUR PATIENTS CAN EXPECT 29 Living with Pituitary Disease Jessica K. Devin SECTION 8: RESEARCH AND CLINICAL TRIALS 30 Research and Clinical Trials Brittany P. Sumerel and Anthony P. Heaney SECTION 9: RESOURCES 31 The Fundamentals of Pituitary Pathology Sylvia L. Asa Glossary of Pituitary Related Disorders Pejman Cohan Index