The Knee

Javad Parvizi, MD, FRCS is Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. James Cashman, MD Arthroplasty Fellow, Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Nitin Goyal, MD Arthroplasty Surgeon, Anderson Orthopaedic Clinic, Alexandria, Virginia. Matthew Morrey, MD Assistant Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas. Camilo Restrepo, MD Joint Research Fellow, Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Section One: Arthoplasty Fundamentals
1 History of Knee Replacement 1-1 Bernard F. Morrey
2 Joint Registries 2-1 Henrik Palm and Henrik Malchau
3 Study Design and Basic Statistics 3-1 Parag Sancheti and Steve Rocha
4 Knee Society Score 4-1 Jess H. Lonner and Giles R. Scuderi
5 A Tool for Measuring Lower Extremity Activity: A Well-Validated, Simple, One-Page, One- Mark Questionnaire 5-1 Kenneth A. Krackow, Laura E. White, and Cathy Buyea
6 Knee Outcome Questionnaires 6-1 Ali Hussam, Andrea Wood, and Christina Dorey
7 Economic Aspects of Total Knee Arthroplasty 7-1 Christina Gutowski and Kevin J. Bozic
8 Anatomy: Description of Structures 8-1 Mohan S. Tripathi, Arjun Saxena, and Javad Parvizi
9 Biomechanics of the Knee 9-1 Jan Victor and Emmanuel Thienpont
10 Biomaterials 10-1 James F. Kennedy, Keith A. Synnott, and John M. O’Byrne
11 Metal Alloys 11-1 Vinay Aggarwal, Claudio Diaz, and Sadegh Parvizi
12 Surface Treatment to Foster Biological Incorporation 12-1 Matthew C. Morrey
13 Oxinium 13-1 Robert M. Kenyon and Keith A. Synnott
14 Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene 14-1 Luigi Costa and Elena M. Brach del Prever
15 Polymethylmethacrylate 15-1 Alex C. McLaren and Ryan McLemore
16 Individual Host Variation in Knee Arthroplasty 16-1 Matthew P. Abdel and Mark E. Morrey
17 Orthopaedic Implant Oncogenesis 17-1 Joseph F. Alderete, Jr., and Michael G. Rock
18 Basic Science of Bacteria and Antibacterial Agents 18-1Alex Soriano
19 The Human Meniscus 19-1 Constantinos Ketonis
20 Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Knee Osteoarthritis 20-1 Alvin Ong and Fabio Orozco
21 Surgical Exposures 21-1 Ari Seidenstein and Gregg R. Klein
Section Two: Prevention and Management of Complications
22 Prevention of Complications: Venous Thromboembolism 22-1 Vincent D. Pellegrini, Jr
23 Perioperative Cardiovascular Management in Reconstructive Knee Surgery 23-1 Gregary D. Marhefka and Geno J. Merli
24 Perioperative Considerations for Total Knee Arthroplasty 24-1 Matthew C. Morrey
25 Sources and Controls of Microorganisms in the Operating Room During Total Joint Replacement Surgery 25-1 Merrill A. Ritter
26 Screening for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusin Total Knee Arthroplasty 26-1 James C. Kudrna
27 Perioperative Pain Management for Total Knee Arthroplasty 27-1 Kishor Gandhi, Jaime L. Baratta, and Eugene R. Viscusi
28 Anesthetic Considerations 28-1 David Kim and Sean Garvin
29 Blood Loss in Total Knee Arthroplasty 29-1 Jonathon Salava and Ali Oliashirazi
30 Soft Tissue Coverage Following Total Knee Arthroplasty 30-1 Danielle M. Pineda and Gary A. Tuma
31 Management of Vascular Complications Following Total Knee Arthroplasty 31-1 Sarah Fernandez, Joshua Eisenberg, Atul Rao, and Paul DiMuzio
Section Three: Joint Preservation Procedures
32 Nonsurgical Evaluation and Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis 32-1 Peter C. Vitanzo, Jr., and Barry E. Kenneally
33 NSAIDS, Weight Loss, Bracing, Lateral Heel Wedges, and Physical Therapy for the Treatment of Knee Arthritis: What Does the Evidence Show? 33-1Justin C. Wong and Gregory K. Deirmengian
34 Knee Arthroscopy 34-1 Christopher C. Dodson and Michael G. Ciccotti
35 Closed-Wedge High Tibia Osteotomy 35-1 Hamidreza Yazdi and Reza Jamei Moayedi
36 Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy 36-1 Kang-Il Kim and Sang Hak Lee
37 Alternative Proximal Tibial Osteotomy 37-1Kang-Il Kim and Sang Hak Lee
38 Distal Femoral Varus Osteotomies for Lateral Osteoarthritis of the Knee 38-1 Yona Kosashvili, Allan E. Gross, Yaron Bar Ziv, and David Backstein
39 Osteoarticular Transfer System 39-1 Hasan M. Syed and Andreas H. Gomoll
40 Articular Cartilage Repair 40-1 Meghan Sampson, Kelsey Adair, Krushen Pillay, and Amir A. Jamali
Section Four: Knee Reconstruction
41 Preoperative Clinical Evaluation 41-1 Nicholas J. Farber, Antonia F. Chen, and Brian A. Klatt
42 Preoperative Imaging: Radiographic and Cross-Sectional Studies 42-1 Parag Sancheti and Ashok Shyam
43 Imaging of the Patellofemoral Joint 43-1 Ricardo Sousa and Marta Massada
44 Principles of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Indications and Contraindications 44-1 Tad M. Mabry
45 Patella Resurfacing in Total Knee Arthroplasty 45-1 R. Stephen J. Burnett and Robert L. Barrack
46 Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty 46-1 Peter M. Bonutti, Bhaveen H. Kapadia, Qais Naziri, Aaron J. Johnson, and Michael A. Mont
47 Lateral Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty 47-1 Jean-Noel Argenson and Sebastien Parratte
48 Patellofemoral Arthroplasty 48-1 Jess H. Lonner and Eric B. Smith
49 Bicompartmental Arthroplasty 49-1 Gerard A. Engh
50 Gap Balancing Versus Measured Resection Techniques for Total Knee Arthroplasty 50-1 Yona Kosashvili and Yaron Bar Ziv
51 Principles of Ligament Balancing and Alignment in Total Knee Arthroplasty 51-1 Leo A. Whiteside
52 Constraint in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty 52-1 Torrance Walker, Tyler Cannon, and William M. Mihalko
53 Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty 53-1 Alfred Tria, Jr.
54 Navigation-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty 54-1 David N. Vegari, Florian F. Dibra, and William J. Hozack
55 Robotically Assisted Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty 55-1 Jess H. Lonner
56 Computer-Assisted Imageless UnicompartmentalKnee Replacement Surgery 56-1 Dinesh K. Nathwani and Gareth G. Jones
57 Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty with Patient-Specific Cutting Guides 57-1 Joseph V. Vernace and Stephen M. Howell
58 Patient-Matched Instruments 58-1 David J. Mayman, Denis Nam, Michael B. Cross, and Steven B. Haas
59 Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Mobile Bearing 59-1 Douglas A. Dennis and Raymond H. Kim
60 Current Trends and Indications for All-Polyethylene Tibial Components 60-1 Morteza Meftah, Anthony C. Wong, Amar S. Ranawat, and Chitranjan S. Ranawat
61 Uncemented Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Tantalum 61-1 Michael J. Dunbar, Christopher Jones, Shane Guerin, and Glen Richardson
62 Uncemented Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Porous Titanium 62-1 Aidin Eslam Pour, Peter F. Sharkey, and James B. Hept
63 Total Knee Arthroplasty for Varus Knee 63-1 Jiying Chen and Yan Wang
64 Valgus Total Knee Arthroplasty 64-1Yair Kissin and Michael Dragone
65 Total Knee Arthroplasty for Extra-articular Deformities 65-1 Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos, Andreas F. Mavrogenis, Vasileios I. Sakellariou, and Franklin H. Sim
66 Total Knee Arthroplasty and Paget’s Disease 66-1 Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos, Vasileios I. Sakellariou, Steven J. Fitzgerald, Joaquin Sanchez-Sotelo, and Franklin H. Sim
67 Total Knee Arthroplasty for Avascular Osteonecrosis and Sickle Cell Disease 67-1 Pierre Hoffmeyer, Daniel Fritschy, Anne Lubbeke, and Jean Bahebeck
68 Total Knee Arthroplasty for Septic Arthritis 68-1 David G. Nazarian and Robert E. Booth, Jr
69 Total Knee Arthroplasty After Previous Patellectomy 69-1 Qais Naziri, Aaron J. Johnson, and Michael A. Mont
70 Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Organ Transplantation 70-1 Brian A. Klatt and Antonia F. Chen
71 Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis 71-1 Iwona S?owi?ska, Pawe? Ma?dyk, and Jacek Kruczy?ski
72 Total Knee Arthroplasty in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients 72-1 Carlos A. Higuera and Javad Parvizi
73 Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Charcot Joint 73-1 Sang Jun Song, Dae-Kyung Bae, and Kang-Il Kim
74 Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Lymphedema 74-1 M. Wade Shrader and Chris S. Estes
75 Total Knee Arthroplasty in Cancer Patients 75-1 Florian Hess and Bruno Fuchs
76 Total Knee Arthroplasty in Obese Patients 76-1 Daniel T. Goldstein and Peter F. Sharkey
77 Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Severe Inherited Bleeding Disorders Caused by Coagulation Factor Deficiency 77-1 Pawe? Ambroziak, Piotr ?bikowski, Andrzej Kotela, and Ireneusz Kotela
Section Five: Revision Knee Arthroplasty
78 Evaluation of the Painful Total Knee Arthroplasty 78-1 Dustin Gay and Kevin Fricka
79 Principles of Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty 79-1 Erik N. Hansen and Michael D. Ries
80 Selecting the Right Degree of Constraint 80-1 Emmanuel Thienpont
81 Classification of Bone Loss: The Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute Bone Defect Classification 81-1 Nitin Goyal, William G. Hamilton, and Gerard A. Engh
82 Classification of Bone Loss: The University of Pennsylvania Classification 82-1 Gwo-Chin Lee
83 Bone Allograft Reconstruction 83-1 Ahmed Alghamdi and David Backstein
84 Metaphyseal Augmentation 84-1 Matt Austin
85 Porous Tantalum Augments and Cones 85-1 Ahmed Alghamdi, Vassilios S. Nikolaou, and David Backstein
86 Knee Impaction Bone Grafting 86-1 Syed Soulat Naim and Andrew D. Toms
87 Revision for Aseptic Failure 87-1 Junaid Makda, Gautam Siram, and William G. Hamilton
88 Assessment and Revision for Instability in Total Knee Arthroplasty 88-1 Charlie C. Yang, Raymond H. Kim, and Douglas A. Dennis
89 Rorabeck Classification of Periprosthetic Femoral Fracture 89-1 Edward M. Vasarhelyi and Douglas D. R. Naudie
90 Rothman Institute Classification ofPeriprosthetic Femoral Fracture 90-1 Kang-Il Kim, Kye-Youl Cho, and Javad Parvizi
91 Classification and Management of Periprosthetic Tibial Fractures 91-1 Emmet Cullen and Eoin Sheehan
92 Periprosthetic Femoral Fracture: Intramedullary Nail Fixation 92-1 Manny Porat and Joseph A. Karam
93 Periprosthetic Femoral Fracture: Locking Plate Fixation 93-1 Steven C. Gross and Kenneth A. Egol
94 Revision of Components for Periprosthetic Fracture 94-1 Neil P. Sheth
95 Distal Femoral Replacement for Periprosthetic Fracture 95-1 Laura Matsen Ko, Amer Mirza, and Thomas Huff
96 Tantalum Patellar Replacement 96-1 Sam Nasser
97 Patellar Bone Grafting 97-1 Michael J. Taunton and Arlen D. Hanssen
98 Allograft Reconstruction of Extensor Mechanism 98-1 Trevor G. Murray and Scott Sporer
99 Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty for Stiffness 99-1 Curtis W. Hartman, Nicholas T.Ting, and Craig J. Della Valle
100 Malpositioning and Malalignment in Total Knee Arthroplasty 100-1 Rajrishi Sharma and Steven J. MacDonald
101 Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Serology 101-1 Mark J. Spangehl
102 Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Molecular Techniques 102-1 Carl Deirmengian and John Siemon
103 Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Culture 103-1 Nalini Rao
104 Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Frozen Section 104-1 Thomas W. Bauer
105 Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Imaging 105-1 Brian D. Murphy, Miraude E.A.P.M. Adriaensen van Roij, and Eoin C. Kavanagh
106 Management of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Local Infusion Therapy 106-1 Leo A. Whiteside
107 Management of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Irrigation and Debridement 107-1 Bryan D. Springer
108 Revision for Infection: One Stage 108-1 Thorsten Gehrke and Daniel Kendoff
109 One-Stage Exchange of Infected Total Knee Arthroplasty: Effective Antimicrobial Treatment and Biological Reconstruction Using Antibiotic-Impregnated Allograft 109-1 Heinz Winkler
110 Resection Arthroplasty and Use of Dynamic Spacers 110-1 Carlo Luca Romano
111 Resection Arthroplasty and Use of Static Spacers 111-1 James Fountain and Ian Stockley
112 Principles of Reimplantation 112-1 Adam J. Schwartz and Craig J. Della Valle
113 Antibiotic Management in the Treatment of Periprosthetic Joint Infection 113-1 Francine Touzard Romo and John Segreti
Section Six: Salvage Procedures
114 Knee Fusion: Intramedullary Nail 114-1 Naga Suresh Prasad Reddy Cheppalli and Janet D. Conway
115 Knee Fusion: External Fixation 115-1 Xavier Flores, Pablo Corona, Carles Amat, and Ernesto Guerra
116 Total Femoral Replacement Arthroplasty 116-1Joel A. Tucker and Mary I. O’Connor
117 Above-the-Knee Amputation 117-1 Michael R. Pagnotto and Rafael J. Sierra
118 Knee Disarticulation 118-1 Michael S. Pinzur
Index