Free Radical Reactions in Medicine

I The Chemistry of Free Radical Reactions.- 1 The Definition and Reactions of Free Radicals.- 2 Lipid Peroxidation.- 3 The Most Important Physical and Chemical Properties of Molecular Oxygen: Radicals of Molecular Oxygen.- 4 Reactions in which ROIs are Formed.- 5 Summary.- II Control of Free Radical Reactions in Biological Systems.- 1 Control by Membrane Structure.- 2 Control by Specific Molecular Structure.- 3 Scavengers and Antioxidants.- 4 Cellular Enzymatic Defence Against Radicals of Molecular Oxygen.- 5 Antioxidant Defence of the Extracellular Space.- 6 Summary.- III Physiological Free Radical Reactions.- 1 The Role of Free Radical Reactions in Phagocytosis.- 2 Free Radicals Generated During Platelet Activity.- 3 Free Radical Generation in Mitochondrial and Microsomal Electron Transport Chains and in Peroxisomes.- 4 Role of Free Radicals in the Synthesis and Degradation of Various Biomolecules: Free Radical Formation During Autoexidation of Biomolecules.- 5 The Role of Free Radicals in Reproduction and Embryonic Development.- 6 Summary.- IV Pathological Free Radical Reactions: General Aspects.- 1 Damage of Enzymes and Proteins Caused by Free Radicals.- 2 Damage of the Cell Membrane and Subcellular Organelles.- 3 Fluorescent Molecular Damage and Lipofuscin Pigments.- 4 Free Radical Damage of Nucleic Acids and Their Components.- 5 Connection Between LPO and Tissue Damage.- 6 Summary.- V Demonstration of Free Radical Reactions.- 1 Summary.- VI Clinical Importance of Free Radical Reactions and Their Role in the Pathogenesis of Various Human Diseases.- 1 The Radical Theory of Oxygen Toxicity.- 2 The Role of Free Radical Reactions in Inflammation.- 3 Relation of Free Radical Reactions to the Immune System and Their Role in Immunopathological Syndromes.- 4 The Free Radical Theory of Ageing.- 5 The Role of Free Radical Reactions in the Pathogenesis of Some Neurological Diseases.- 6 The Free Radical Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis.- 7 Hypertension and Free Radical Reactions.- 8 Free Radical Reaction in Ischaemic Damage.- 9 Free Radical Reactions in Other, Nonischaemic Heart Diseases.- 10 The Role of Free Radical Reactions in Carcinogenesis: Connection Between Atherosclerosis, Ageing, Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis.- 11 Free Radical Reactions and Mutagenesis.- 12 Free Radical Mechanisms in the Effect of Drugs and Chemicals.- 13 Free Radical Reactions in Pulmonary Diseases.- 14 Free Radical Reactions in Hepatic Diseases.- 15 Free Radical Reactions in Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Traet.- 16 Free Radical Pathogenesis of Amyloidosis.- 17 Diabetes Mellitus and Pathological Free Radical Reactions.- 18 Haematological Aspects.- 19 Free Radical Reactions in Neonatal Diseases.- 20 Free Radical Reactions in Infectious Diseases.- 21 Hormones and Free Radical Reactions.- 22 Ophthalmological Aspects.- 23 Free Radical Reactions in Muscular Dystrophy.- 24 Free Radical Reactions in Pyelonephritis, Uraemia and urological Diseases.- 25 Other Diseases: Down's Syndrome.- 26 The Role of Free Radical Reactions in Photobiology.- VII Defence Against Free Radical Reactions.- 1 Minimizing Exposure.- 2 Antioxidants.- 3 Summary.- Epilogue.- References.