The Pyloric Sphincteric Cylinder in Health and Disease

In focussing on the movement and the physiology of the pyloric region, this book uses the methods of anatomy, radiology, gastroscopy, manometry, myoelectric activity and ultrasonography of the pyloric region. The concept of a sphincteric cylinder is developed, and special emphasis is given to the pathology which affects the structure or function of the cylinder, e.g. pylorospasm, pyloric stenosis, gastric ulceration, vomiting, diabetes mellitus and carcinoma.

1 Introduction.- 2 Some Uncertain Concepts.- 3 The Walls of the Stomach and Duodenum.- 4 The Submucous Coat.- 5 The Mucous Membrane or Mucosa.- 6 Electrical Potential Difference at the Gastroduodenal Mucosal Junction.- 7 Arteries, Veins, Lymphatics.- 8 Nerves.- 9 Regulatory Peptides.- 10 Ultrasonography of Normal Anatomy.- 11 Anatomy of the Pyloric Ring.- 12 The Pylorus at Rest: Open or Closed?.- 13 Radiographic Examination of Normal Motility.- 14 The Pylorus at Gastroscopy.- 15 Manometry at the Gastroduodenal Junction.- 16 Myoelectric Activity at the Gastroduodenal Junction.- 17 Ultrasonography of Pyloric Motility and Gastric Emptying.- 18 Radionuclides in the Investigation of Gastric Emptying.- 19 Gastric Tone and the Pyloric Sphincteric Cylinder.- 20 Pylorospasm.- 21 Congenital Anomalies.- 22 Partial or Intramural Gastric Diverticulum.- 23 Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis.- 24 Adult Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis.- 25 Focal Hypertrophy and Focal Spasm of the Pyloric Musculature in Adults.- 26 Nausea, Retching and Vomiting.- 27 Duodenogastric Reflux.- 28 Gastritis and Erosions in the Pyloric Sphincteric Cylinder.- 29 Gastric Ulceration and the Pyloric Sphincteric Cylinder.- 30 Duodenal Ulceration and the Pyloric Sphincteric Cylinder.- 31 Pyloroduodenal Fistula or Acquired Double Pylorus.- 32 Hiatus Hernia and the Pyloric Sphincteric Cylinder.- 33 Pyloric Carcinoma.- 34 Malignant Lymphoma.- 35 Malignancy at the Gastro-oesophageal Junction.- 36 Sessile Polyps in the Sphincteric Cylinder.- 37 Diabetes Mellitus.- 38 Prolapse of Gastric Mucosa into the Duodenum.- 39 Acid Corrosive Injuries and the Pyloric Sphincteric Cylinder.