Cardiovascular Diseases and Pregnancy

1 Introduction.- 2 Hemodynamic and Cardiac Function Changes in Pregnancy.- 2.1 Cardiac Output, Stroke Volume, Heart Rate, Left Ventricular Work.- 2.2 Blood Volume.- 2.3 Blood Pressure, Total Peripheral Resistance, Venous Pressure.- 2.4 Circulation Time, Pulse Wave Velocity.- 2.5 Intracardiac and Pulmonary Artery Pressure.- 2.6 Regional Circulation.- 2.7 Systolic Time Intervals.- 2.8 Oxygen Consumption.- 2.9 Hemodynamic and Oxygen Consumption Changes During Exercise and Medical Interventions.- 2.10 Supine Hypotensive Syndrome of Pregnancy.- 2.11 Changes in Heart Size and Cardiodynamics.- 3 Examination of the Cardiovascular System in Pregnancy.- 3.1 History.- 3.2 Physical Examination.- 3.3 Electrocardiographic Findings.- 3.4 X-ray Examination.- 3.5 Radionuclide Examination.- 3.6 Magnetic Resonance Tomography.- 3.7 Phonocardiography.- 3.8 Echocardiography.- 3.9 Vectorcardiography.- 3.10 Exercise Stress Testing.- 3.11 Basal Metabolism. Blood Examination.- 4 Cardiovascular Diseases and Pregnancy.- 4.1 Heart Failure.- 4.2 Functional State of the Heart.- 4.3 Effects of Maternal Heart Disease on the Fetus.- 4.4 Influence of Age and Intercurrent Diseases on the Course of Pregnancy in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease.- 4.5 Pregnancy and Rheumatism.- 5 Acquired Valvular Heart Disease and Pregnancy.- 5.1 Mitral Stenosis.- 5.2 Mitral Regurgitation.- 5.3 Aortic Regurgitation.- 5.4 Aortic Stenosis.- 5.5 Tricuspid Regurgitation.- 5.6 Tricuspid Stenosis.- 5.7 Acquired Lesions of the Pulmonic Valve.- 5.8 Rheumatic Combined Valvular Heart Disease.- 6 Congenital Heart Disease and Pregnancy.- 6.1 Congenital Cardiovascular Anomalies.- 6.2 Mitral Valve Prolapse.- 7 Diseases of the Myocardium, Endocardium, and Pericardium and Uncommon Heart Diseases in Pregnancy.- 7.1 Diseases of the Myocardium.- 7.2 Diseases of the Endocardium.- 7.3 Diseases of the Pericardium.- 7.4 Uncommon Heart Diseases.- 8 Heart Rhythm and Conduction Disturbances in Pregnancy.- 8.1 Cardiac Arrhythmias.- 8.2 Conduction Disturbances.- 8.3 Artificial Pacemaker and Pregnancy.- 9 Pregnancy After Cardiac Surgery and Cardiac Surgery During Pregnancy.- 9.1 Pregnancy After Cardiac Surgery.- 9.2 Cardiac Surgery During Pregnancy.- 9.3 Pregnancy in Women with Prosthetic Cardiac Valves.- 10 Management of Pregnant Women with Heart Disease.- 10.1 General Principles of Management.- 10.2 Regimen and Diet.- 10.3 Treatment and Prophylaxis.- 11 Labor and Termination of Pregnancy in Women with Cardiovascular Diseases.- 11.1 Management of Labor in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases.- 11.2 Breast Feeding and Drugs.- 11.3 Termination of Pregnancy in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases.- 12 Hypertension and Pregnancy.- 12.1 Essential Hypertension.- 12.2 Preeclampsia-Eclampsia.- 12.3 Renovascular Hypertension.- 12.4 Primary Aldosteronism (Conn's Disease).- 12.5 Pheochromocytoma.- 12.6 Cushing's Disease.- 12.7 Chronic Glomerulonephritis.- 12.8 Chronic Pyelonephritis.- 12.9 Collagen Diseases.- 12.10 Polycystic Kidneys.- 12.11 Diabetic Nephropathy.- 12.12 Differential Diagnosis of Arterial Hypertension.- 12.13 Management of Patients with Arterial Hypertension.- 13 Arterial Hypotension and Pregnancy.- 14 Vascular Diseases and Pregnancy.- 14.1 Diseases of the Aorta and Arteries.- 14.2 Diseases of the Veins.- 14.3 Thrombosis and Thromboembolism in Pregnancy.- 15 Contraception and Sterilization in Cardiovascular Diseases.- 15.1 Contraception in Cardiovascular Diseases.- 15.2 Sterilization in Cardiovascular Diseases.- References.