Surgical Neuroangiography

1 Technical Aspects of Surgical Neuroangiography.- I. Introduction.- II. Patient Preparation.- III.Anesthesia of Embolization.- IV.Puncture Sites.- V. Catheters and Delivery Systems.- VI. Embolic Agents.- VII. Opacifying Agents.- VIII. Ethyl Alcohol (95 %Ethanol).- IX. Infusion Chemotherapy.- X. Other Potential Agents.- XL Miscellaneous.- XII. FlowControl.- XIII. Provocative Test.- XIV. Electrophysiological Monitoring (EPhM).- XV. Angiographic Equipment.- XVI. Postembolization Care.- XVII. SpecialCare.- XVIII. Follow-Up.- 2 Dural and Bony Tumors.- I. Introduction.- II. Meningiomas.- III. Other Bony and Dural Tumors.- 3 Nasopharyngeal Tumors.- I. Juvenile Angiofibromas (JAF).- II. Other Nasopharyngeal Tumors.- III. Conclusion.- 4 Temporal and Cervical Tumors.- Branchial Paragangliomas.- 5 Other Craniofacial Tumors.- I. ThyrolaryngealTumors.- II. Craniofacial Malignant Lesions.- 6 Arteriovenous Fistulas (AVFs).- I. Introduction.- II. Carotid Cavernous Fistulas (CCFs).- III.Vertebral Arteriovenous Fistulas (VAFs).- IV.Common Carotid Fistulas (CCFs).- V. External Carotid Fistulas (ECFs).- VI. Other Types of AVFs.- 7 Aneurysms.- I. Introduction.- II. Extradural Carotid Artery Aneurysms.- III. Aneurysms of the External Carotid Artery.- IV. Extradural Vertebral Aneurysms.- V. Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD).- 8 Dural Arteriovenous Malformations (DAVMs).- I. Historical Review.- II. Pathophysiology.- III. Classification.- IV. Clinical Behavior of DAVMs.- V. Evolution of Symptoms.- VI. Natural History.- VII. Hormonal Influences.- VIII. Pretherapeutic Evaluation.- IX. Therapeutic Aspects.- 9 Craniofacial Vascular Lesions: General.- I. Introduction.- II. Postulated Embryogenesis.- III. General Classification. Clinical Behavior and Treatment Strategy.- IV. Pretherapeutic Evaluation ofthe Vascular Lesions of the Head and Neck Area.- V. Urgent or Emergent Pretherapeutic Evaluations.- VI. Angioarchitecture.- 10 Craniofacial Hemangiomas, Vascular Malformations and Angiomatosis: Specific Aspects.- I. Hemangiomas.- II. Vascular Malformations.