Robotic Surgery of the Bladder

Erik P. Castle, MD, FACS Mayo Clinic, Department of Urology, Phoenix, AZ, USA Raj S. Pruthi, MD, FACS The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Urologic Surgery, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

History of minimally invasive techniques for radical cystectomy with urinary diversion.- Principles of bladder cancer surgery.- Robot Assisted Cystectomy: Getting started – prior experience, learning curve, and initial patient selection.- Robotic Cystectomy: Room set-up, patient positioning, instrumentation, and anesthetic considerations.- Preoperative preparation and care.- Robot Assisted Radical Cystectomy - Male.- Robotic assisted laparoscopic anterior pelvic exenteration for bladder cancer in the female.- Variations in surgical approach – partial cystectomy, vaginal-sparing, and prostate-sparing.- Robot-Assisted Pelvic Lymphadenectomy.- Extracorporeal urinary diversion.- Robot Assisted Intracorporeal ileal conduit.- Intracorporeal ileal neobladder.- Peri-operative care – the radical cystectomy pathway.- Oncologic outcomes.- Peri-operative outcomes and complications of robot assisted cystectomy.- Surgical avoidance and management of operative complications.- Cost of robotic assisted radical cystectomy.- Questions and concerns of robotic approaches to bladder cancer surgery.- Robot assisted surgery for benign disease of the bladder.- Future directions in robotic surgery for bladder cancer.