Neuroradiology: Key Differential Diagnoses and Clinical Questions

Juan Small, MD and Pamela W Schaefer, MD, Associate Professor of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

PART 1 BRAIN AND COVERINGS

• Case 1 Computed Tomography Hyperdense Lesions, 3
• Case 2 T1 Hyperintense Lesions, 7
• Case 3 Multiple Susceptibility Artifact Lesions, 13
• Case 4 Ring-Enhancing Lesions, 19
• Case 5 Leptomeningeal Enhancement, 25
• Case 6 Dural Enhancement, 29
• Case 7 Lesions Containing Fat, 35
• Case 8 Extraaxial Lesions, 43
• Case 9 Bilateral Central Gray Matter Abnormality, 53
• Case 10 Temporal Lobe Lesions, 63
• Case 11 Temporal Lobe Cystic Lesions, 67
• Case 12 Cerebellopontine Angle Cisterns, 73
• Case 13 Lateral Ventricular Lesions, 81
• Case 14 Third Ventricular Lesions, 87
• Case 15 Fourth Ventricular Lesions, 93
• Case 16 Suprasellar Cystic Lesions, 99
• Case 17 Pineal Region, 107
• Case 18 Cranial Nerve Lesions, 113
• Case 19 Lytic Skull Lesions, 119
• Case 20 Skull Fracture Versus Sutures, 125
• Case 21 Clivus Lesions, 129
• Case 22 Hyperdense Cerebellum, 135
• Case 23 T2-Hyperintense Pontine Abnormalities, 141
• Case 24 Cerebral Cortical Neurodegeneration, 147
• Case 25 Cerebral Subcortical Neurodegeneration, 155
• Case 26 Epidermoid Versus Arachnoid Cyst, 163
• Case 27 Cyst With A Mural Nodule, 167
• Case 28 Ecchordosis Physaliphora Versus Chordoma, 171

• Case 29 Atlantooccipital And Atlantoaxial Separation, 179
• Case 30 Basilar Invagination And Platybasia, 187
• Case 31 Enhancing Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lesions, 195
• Case 32 Enhancing Intramedullary Conus Lesions, 207
• Case 33 Solitary Enhancing Intradural, Extramedullary Lesions, 211
• Case 34 Multiple Enhancing Intradural, Extramedullary Lesions, 219
• Case 35 Cystic Intradural Extramedullary Lesions, 225
• Case 36 Nerve Root Enlargement, 233
• Case 37 Posterior Element Lesions, 239
• Case 38 Sacral Masses, 243
• Case 39 Disk Infection Versus Inflammatory/Degenerative Changes, 249
• Case 40 Vertebral Compression Fractures, 253

• Case 41 Periauricular Cystic Lesions, 259
• Case 42 Cystic Lateral Neck Masses, 269
• Case 43 Infrahyoid Neck Cystic Lesions, 277
• Case 44 Prestyloid Parapharyngeal Space, 285
• Case 45 Post Styloid Parapharyngeal Space, 289
• Case 46 Floor Of Mouth, 293
• Case 47 Thyroglossal Duct Abnormalities, 297
• Case 48 Anterior Skull Base Masses, 301
• Case 49 Petrous Apex, 309
• Case 50 External Auditory Canal, 315
• Case 51 Middle Ear, 321
• Case 52 Lesions Of The Facial Nerve, 325
• Case 53 Lytic/Cystic Mandibular Lesions, 329
• Case 54 Jugular Foramen Lesions, 333
• Case 55 Optic Nerve Mass, 339
• Case 56 Dilated Superior Ophthalmic Vein/Asymmetric Cavernous Sinus Enhancement, 343
• Case 57 Lacrimal Gland, 347
• Case 58 Nasal Cavity Lesions, 353
• Case 59 Solitary Parotid Mass, 359
• Case 60 Bilateral Parotid Masses, 363
• Case 61 Retropharyngeal Space, 369

• Case 62 Intraventricular Posterior Fossa Tumors, 381
• Case 63 Pediatric Cerebellar Tumors, 385
• Case 64 Pediatric Extraaxial Posterior Fossa Tumors, 389
• Case 65 Midline Posterior Fossa Extraaxial Cystic Lesions, 393
• Case 66 Occipital Cephalocele, 399
• Case 67 Holoprosencephaly, 403
• Case 68 Leukodystrophies, 411
• Case 69 Congenital Arterial Anastamosis, 417
• Case 70 Odontoid: Acute Versus Chronic, 421
• Case 71 Pediatric Nasofrontal Mass, 425
• Case 72 Pediatric Globe Lesions, 429