Health Care Information Systems

Karen A. Wager, DBA, is professor and associate dean for student affairs in the College of Health Professions at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC). She currently serves on the Accreditation Council for the Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Management Education (CAHME) and is a past Fellow of CAHME. Frances Wickham Lee, DBA, is professor and director of instructional operations for Healthcare Simulation South Carolina at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC). She is a member of a pioneering team charged with bringing health care simulation to students and practicing professionals across the state of South Carolina. John P. Glaser, PhD, is chief executive officer (CEO) of the Health Services Business Unit of Siemens Healthcare, where he is responsible for heading Siemens' global health care IT business. He previously was vice president and chief information officer, Partners HealthCare, Inc. Glaser was the founding chairman of the College of Healthcare Information Management Executives (CHIME), and is the former chairman of the eHealth Initiative Board and the Board of the National Alliance for Health Information Technology.

Tables, Figures, and Exhibits xi Foreword xv Preface xix Acknowledgments xxxi The Authors xxxiii Part 1 Health Care Information 1 1 Introduction to Health Care Information 3 Learning Objectives Types of Health Care Information Internal Data and Information: Patient Specific Clinical Internal Data and Information: Patient Specific Administrative Internal Data and Information: Patient Specific Combining Clinical and Administrative Internal Data and Information: Aggregate Clinical Internal Data and Information: Aggregate Administrative Internal Data and Information: Aggregate Combining Clinical and Administrative External Data and Information: Comparative External Data and Information: Expert or Knowledge Based Summary Key Terms Learning Activities 2 Health Care Data Quality 49 Learning Objectives Data versus Information Problems with Poor-Quality Data Ensuring Data and Information Quality Summary Key Terms Learning Activities 3 Health Care Information Regulations, Laws, and Standards 67 Learning Objectives Licensure, Certification, and Accreditation Patient Safety Organizations Legal Aspects of Managing Health Information Summary Key Terms Learning Activities Part 2 Health Care Information Systems 101 4 History and Evolution of Health Care Information Systems 103 Learning Objectives Definition of Terms History and Evolution Summary Key Terms Learning Activities 5 Clinical Information Systems 133 Learning Objectives The Electronic Health Record Other Major HCIS Types Fitting Applications Together Overcoming Barriers to Adoption Summary Key Terms Learning Activities 6 Federal Efforts to Enhance Quality of Patient Care through the Use of Health Information Technology 179 Learning Objectives HITECH Act Health Care Reform: New Modes of Care and Payment Reform Health Information Exchange Information Technology Ramifications of New Models of Care and Payment Reform Summary Key Terms Learning Activities 7 System Acquisition 209 Learning Objectives System Acquisition: A Definition Systems Development Life Cycle System Acquisition Process Project Management Tools Things That Can Go Wrong Summary Key Terms Learning Activities 8 System Implementation and Support 241 Learning Objectives System Implementation Process Managing the Organizational Aspects System Support and Evaluation Summary Key Terms Learning Activities Part 3 Information Technology 271 9 Technologies That Support Health Care Information Systems 273 Learning Objectives Information Technology Adoption Challenges Data Management and Access Networks and Data Communications Information Distribution Schemes Remote Access Technologies Internet and Web Concepts and Applications E-Commerce in Health Care Clinical and Managerial Decision Support Information Systems Architecture Summary Key Terms Learning Activities 10 Health Care Information System Standards 317 Learning Objectives Standards Development Process Classification Standards Vocabulary and Terminology Standards Health Record Content and Functional Standards Summary Key Terms Learning Activities 11 Security of Health Care Information Systems 351 Learning Objectives The Health Care Organization s Security Program Threats to Health Care Information Overview of the HIPAA Security Rule Outline of the HIPAA Security Rule HITECH Expansion of the HIPAA Security Rule Administrative Safeguards Physical Safeguards Technical Safeguards Security in a Wireless Environment Remote Access Security Summary Key Terms Learning Activities Part 4 Senior Management IT Challenges 393 12 Organizing Information Technology Services 395 Learning Objectives Information Technology Functions Organizing IT Staff and Services In-House versus Outsourced IT Evaluating IT Effectiveness Summary Key Terms Learning Activities 13 IT Alignment and Strategic Planning 437 Learning Objectives IT Planning Objectives Overview of Strategy Vectors for Arriving at IT Strategy The IT Asset A Normative Approach to Developing Alignment and IT Strategy IT Strategy and Alignment Challenges Characteristics of Strategic Thinking Summary Key Terms Learning Activities 14 Strategy Considerations 467 Learning Objectives Complementary Strategies Strategy Evolution Governing Concepts The Competitive Value of IT Summary Key Terms Learning Activities 15 IT Governance and Management 491 Learning Objectives IT Governance IT Effectiveness IT Budget Summary Key Terms Learning Activities 16 Management s Role in Major IT Initiatives 521 Learning Objectives Managing Change Due to IT Managing IT Projects Understanding IT Initiative Failures Summary Key Terms Learning Activities 17 Assessing and Achieving Value in Health Care Information Systems 555 Learning Objectives Definition of IT-Enabled Value The IT Project Proposal Steps to Improve Value Realization Why IT Fails to Deliver Returns Analyses of the IT Value Challenge Summary Key Terms Learning Activities 18 Health IT Leadership: A Compendium of Case Studies 595 Appendixes A. Overview of the Health Care IT Industry 641 B. Sample Project Charter 653 C. International Adoption and Use of Health Information Technology 665 Index 681