Textbook of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2e

Professor Christopher Hawkey is Professor of Gastroenterology at Nottingham University and Co-director of Nottingham University's Institute of Clinical Research, and President Elect of the British Society of Gastroenterology 2009. Professor Jaime Bosch is Professor of Medicine, and Senior Consultant Hepatologist and Chief at the Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic-Idibaps, University of Barcelona and Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain. Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao , MD is Professor of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases at Yale University School of Medicine. Professor Francis Chan is Professor of Medicine and Therapeutics at The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) and an honorary consultant physician at the Prince of Wales Hospital (PWH).

List of contributors, x Preface, xxv Part 1: Symptoms, Syndromes, and Scenarios Discomfort above the diaphragm 1 Heartburn and noncardiac chest pain, 3 Tiberiu Hershcovici and Ronnie Fass 2 Dysphagia and odynophagia, 11 Stacey R. Zavala and Philip O. Katz Discomfort below the diaphragm 3 Chronic or recurrent abdominal pain, 16 Ayman Koteish and Anthony N. Kalloo 4 Dyspepsia: ulcer and non-ulcer/bloating and early satiety/belching and rumination, 22 Alexander C. Ford and Paul Moayyedi 5 Nausea and vomiting, 26 Jan Tack Disorders of defecation 6 Diarrhea, 32 Matthew R. Banks and Michael J. G. Farthing 7 Fecal incontinence, 43 Ashok Attaluri and Satish S. C. Rao 8 Rectal bleeding, 47 Benjamin Krevsky 9 Anorectal pain and pruritusani, 51 Steven D. Wexner and Giovanna M. da Silva Generalized ill health 10 Functional gastrointestinal disease, 54 C. J. Hawkey, Jaime Bosch, Joel E. Richter, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, and Francis K. L. Chan 11 Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, 61 Tomas J. Silber 12 Weight loss, 68 Arvey I. Rogers, Hendrikus S. Vanderveldt and Amar R. Deshpande 13 Gastrointestinal causes of anemia and occult bleeding, 73 Kevin A. Ghassemi, Dennis M. Jensen and Rome Jutabha 28 Benign esophageal strictures and caustic esophageal injury, 194 Timothy T. Nostrant Esophageal: malignant and pre-malignant 29 Barrett's esophagus, 197 Neil Gupta and Prateek Sharma 30 Esophageal cancer, 204 Tamas A. Gonda and Charles J. Lightdale Upper gastrointestinal infections 31 Infections of the esophagus and stomach, 214 George B. McDonald Gastroduodenal: benign 32 Peptic ulcer, 219 C. J. Hawkey and John C. Atherton 33 Gastritis, 234 Richard H. Lash and Robert M. Genta Gastroduodenal: malignant and pre-malignant 34 Adenocarcinoma (gastric cancer and miscellaneous malignancy), 248 Dai-ming Fan and Kai-chun Wu 35 Gastric lymphoma, 254 Andrea Grin and Runjan Chetty Motility disorders 36 Esophageal motility disorders, 258 Peter J. Kahrilas 37 Gastric motility disorders, 265 Jan Tack Section 2: Disorders of the Small and Large Bowel Food, nutrition and malabsorption 38 Food allergy and intolerance, 272 Stephan C. Bischoff and Katrin Feuser 39 Maldigestion and malabsorption, 279 Arvey I. Rogers and Ryan D. Madanick 40 Celiac disease, 288 Daniel A. Leffler, Andres Cardenas and Ciaran P. Kelly 41 Short bowel syndrome, 299 Christian S. Jackson and Alan L. Buchman 42 Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, 305 Ahmed Abu Shanab, Rodrigo M. Quera and Eamonn M. M. Quigley 43 Bile acid malabsorption, 311 Linda Wedlake and Jervoise Andreyev 44 Protein-losing disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, 318 Simon Murch Intestinal infections and infestations 45 Infective diarrhea, 324 Michael J. G. Farthing and Anna Casburn-Jones 46 Travelers' diarrhea, 338 Andrew W. DuPont and Herbert L . DuPont 47 Abdominal tuberculosis, 342 Bhupinder Anand 48 Parasites, 349 John Croese Inflammatory bowel disease 49 Ulcerative colitis, 355 Fergus Shanahan 50 Crohn's disease, 372 Severine Vermeire, Gert Van Assche and Paul Rutgeerts 51 Indeterminate colitis, 394 Stephan R. Targan and C. J. Hawkey 52 Microscopic colitis, 399 Frank Hoentjen, Chris Mulder and Gerd Bouma 53 Eosinophilic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, 406 Jon A. Vanderhoof and Rosemary J. Young 54 Pseudomembranous colitis, 412 Tanya M. Monaghan and Yashwant R. Mahida 55 Ischemia/ischemic colitis, 417 Aliya G. Hasan and Joel S. Levine Malignant tumors 56 Small bowel tumours, 421 Matthew P. Spinn and Sushovan Guha 57 Biology and genetics of colorectal cancer and polyps and polyposis, 428 Ajay Goel and Christian Arnold 58 Colorectal cancer: screening and surveillance, 438 Austin G. Acheson and John H. Scholefield 59 Colorectal cancer: a multidisciplinary approach, 444 Rachel S. Midgley, Haitham M. Al-Salama, A. Merrie, N. Mortensen, and David J. Kerr Motility disorders 60 Obstruction and volvulus, 455 Rakesh Bhardwaj and Michael C. Parker 61 Constipation and constipation syndromes, 462 Adil E. Bharucha and Madhusudan Grover 62 Irritable bowel syndrome, 472 Robin Spiller 63 Diverticular disease of the colon, 482 Anish A. Sheth and Martin H. Floch 64 Megacolon and pseudo-obstruction, 488 Eamonn M. M. Quigley Other disorders of the small and large bowel 65 Splanchnic vascular disorders, 493 J. Hajo van Bockel, Robert H. Geelkerken and Jeroen J. Kolkman 66 Drug-induced damage to the small and large intestine, 498 Ingvar Bjarnason, Zeino Zeino and Guy Sisson 67 Acute appendicitis, 505 John Simpson and David J. Humes Anorectal diseases 68 Anorectal diseases, 511 Steven D. Wexner and Giovanna M. da Silva Section 3: Diseases of the Pancreas and Biliary Tract Pancreas 69 Acute pancreatitis, 518 Georgios Papachristou, Vijay Singh and David C. Whitcomb 70 Chronic pancreatitis, 525 Pascal O. Berberat, Guralp O. Ceyhan, Zilvinas Dambrauskas, Markus W. Buchler, and Helmut Friess 71 Pancreatic exocrine tumors, 533 Paula Ghaneh and John P. Neoptolemos 72 Cysts and pseudocysts of the pancreas, 546 Brian G. Turner and William R. Brugge 73 Development and miscellaneous abnormalities, 552 Erica Makin and Mark Davenport Biliary tract 74 Cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, and cholecystitis, 557 Franz Ludwig Dumoulin and Tilman Sauerbruch 75 Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, 567 Dana C. Moffatt, Stuart Sherman and Evan L. Fogel 76 Primary sclerosing cholangitis, 573 Sombat Treeprasertsuk and Keith D. Lindor 77 Cholangiocarcinoma, 580 Konstantinos N. Lazaridis and Gregory J. Gores Malformations 78 Congenital abnormalities of the biliary tract, 586 Daniel Dhumeaux, Elie Serge Zafrani, Daniel Cherqui, and Alain Luciani Section 4: Liver Disease Infections 79 Acute viral hepatitis, 593 Amer Skopic and Maria H. Sjogren 80 Chronic hepatitis B, 603 Tarik Asselah, Olivier Lada, Rami Moucari, and Patrick Marcellin 81 Chronic viral hepatitis C, 610 Xavier Forns and Jose M. Sanchez-Tapias 82 Chronic viral hepatitis D, 618 Patrizia Farci and Maria Eliana Lai 83 Liver worms, 623 Donald P. McManus 84 Liver protozoa, 630 David Kershenobich, Guillermo Robles-Diaz and Juan Miguel Abdo Francis 85 Bacterial and fungal infections of the liver, 633 Simon Rushbrook and Alexander Gimson 86 Primary biliary cirrhosis, 638 Raoul Poupon Autoimmune and related disorders 87 Autoimmune hepatitis and overlap syndromes, 642 Heike Bantel, Kinan Rifai and Michael P. Manns Genetic, metabolic and iatrogenic liver diseases 88 Alcoholic liver diseases, 649 Jennifer T. Wells and Michael R. Lucey 89 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 658 Arthur J. McCullough and Srinivasan Dasarathy 90 Hemochromatosis, 675 Antonello Pietrangelo 91 Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, 683 Feras T. Alissa and David H. Perlmutter 92 Wilson disease, 689 Peter Ferenci 93 Drug prescription in liver disease, 695 Guido Stirnimann and Jurg Reichen 94 Genetic and metabolic liver diseases in childhood, 700 Giorgina Mieli-Vergani and Richard Thompson 95 Disturbances of bilirubin metabolism, 706 Cristina Bellarosa and Claudio Tiribelli Cirrhosis of the liver and its complications 96 Polycystic liver diseases, 713 Luca Fabris, Catherine McCrann and Mario Strazzabosco 97 Cirrhosis of the liver, 719 Gennaro D'Amico and Giuseppe Malizia 98 Portal hypertension, 728 Juan Carlos Garcia-Pagan, Roberto J. Groszmann and Jaime Bosch 99 Ascites and hepatorenal syndrome, 737 Andres Cardenas and Pere Gines 100 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, 745 Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao 101 Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension, 751 Rajan Kochar and Michael B. Fallon 102 Hepatic encephalopathy, 757 Thomas A. Brown and Kevin D. Mullen 103 Acute liver failure, 766 John G. O'Grady and Julia Wendon Other liver diseases 104 Tumors of the liver, 773 Alejandro Forner, Carlos Rodriguez de Lope, Maria Reig, and Jordi Bruix 105 Vascular disorders of the liver, 786 Dominique-Charles Valla 106 Granulomas of the liver, 793 Miquel Bruguera Cortada and Rosa Miquel Morera 107 Liver diseases and pregnancy, 799 J. Eileen Hay Liver transplantation 108 Liver transplantation: indications and selection of candidates and immediate complications, 805 Patrick S. Kamath and John J. Poterucha 109 Long-term management of recurrent primary liver disease, 813 Kiran Bambha and Norah A. Terrault Section 5: Diseases of Multiple Organ Systems 110 Collagen vascular and vasculitic disorders, 831 Ulf Muller-Ladner and Jurgen Scholmerich 111 Systemic disease and the gastrointestinal tract, 839 Paul J. Fortun 112 Pancreatic endocrine tumors, 844 Robert T. Jensen 113 The carcinoid syndrome, 858 Eva Tiensuu Janson and Kjell Oberg 114 AIDS and the gut, 865 C. Mel Wilcox 115 Graft-versus-host disease, 873 George B. McDonald 116 Radiation and other physicochemical injury, 879 Keith Leiper and Andrew R. Moore 117 Systemic amyloidosis, 886 Prayman T. Sattianayagam and Philip N. Hawkins 118 Foreign bodies, 893 Lisa Swize and Patrick R. Pfau 119 Porphyria, 898 Jean-Charles Deybach and Herve Puy 120 The hereditary recurrent fevers, 908 Elizabeth Drewe Section 6: Abdominal Wall and Cavity 121 Abscesses and other intra-abdominal diseases, 913 Juliane Bingener, Melanie L. Richards and Kenneth R. Sirinek 122 Hernia, 919 Cindy Matsen and Leigh Neumayer Part 3: Primer of Diagnostic Methods Endoscopic imaging 123 Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and mucosal biopsy, 927 Jayan Mannath and Krish Ragunath 124 Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy, 936 Jerome D. Waye 125 Endoscopic ultrasonography, 943 V. Raman Muthusamy and Kenneth J. Chang 126 Diagnostic and interventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, 951 George J. M. Webster and Stephen P. Pereira 127 Enteroscopy (double-balloon), 961 Tomonori Yano and Hironori Yamamoto 128 Capsule endoscopy, 969 Christina A. Tennyson and Blair S. Lewis 129 Confocal endomicroscopy, 975 Martin Goetz and Ralf Kiesslich 130 Self-propelled colonoscopy, 983 Menachem Moshkowitz and Nadir Arber Percutaneous imaging 131 Percutaneous ultrasound, 989 Winnie C. W. Chu and Vivian Y. F. Leung 132 Barium radiology, 1000 Simon A. Jackson and Bruce M. Fox 133 Computed tomography, 1006 Karin Herrmann and Pablo R. Ros 134 Magnetic resonance imaging, 1014 Luca Marciani, Robin C. Spiller, Penny A. Gowland, and Peter D. Thurley 135 Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, 1021 V. Anik Sahni and Koenraad J. Mortele 136 Virtual colonoscopy, 1027 Abraham H. Dachman, Ila Sethi and Philippe Lefere 137 Positron emission tomography, 1035 Sebastian Obrzut and Michael S. Kipper 138 Non-invasive liver assessment, 1042 M. Beaugrand Functional testing 139 Gastrointestinal motility testing, 1046 Priyanka Sachdeva and Henry P. Parkman 140 Measurement of portal pressure, 1054 Annalisa Berzigotti and Juan G. Abraldes Tissue testing 141 Liver biopsy, 1060 Cristina Ripoll and Rafael Banares 142 Optimal tissue sampling: the pathologist's perspective, 1066 Richard H. Lash, Shari L. Taylor and Robert M. Genta Part 4: Primer of Treatments Medical treatments 143 Drug prescription in liver disease, 1077 Guido Stirnimann and Jurg Reichen 144 Nutritional assessment and support, 1082 T. E. Bowling Therapeutic endoscopy 145 Variceal ligation, sclerotherapy, and other hemostatic techniques for varices and other lesions, 1092 Louis-Michel Wong Kee Song 146 Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 1103 Majid Almadi and Alan Barkun 147 Photodynamic therapy in the gastrointestinal tract, 1111 Masoud Panjehpour and Bergein F. Overholt 148 Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and jejunostomy, 1120 Jeffrey L. Ponsky and Benjamin K. Poulose 149 Endoscopic techniques of removing early gastrointestinal neoplams, 1126 Haruhiro Inoue and Hitomi Minami 150 Dilation and stenting of the gastrointestinal tract, 1134 Lucio Petruzziello, Michele Marchese and Guido Costamagna 151 NOTES, 1142 D. Nageshwar Reddy, G. V. Rao and Magnus J. Mansard Percutaneous therapy 152 The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), 1147 Christophe Bureau, Philippe Otal and Jean-Pierre Vinel 153 Interventional radiology, 1153 Simon Chun-Ho Yu and Joyce Wai Yi Hui 154 Paracentesis, 1158 Andrea De Gottardi, Chong-Meng Yeo and Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao A synopsis of surgical operations 155 Liver operations, 1163 J. Michael Henderson and Michael D. Johnson 156 Gastrointestinal operations, 1174 Robert J. C. Steele 157 Minimally invasive surgery, 1182 Todd A. Ponsky, Arjun Khosla and Jeffrey L. Ponsky Index, 1191