Genomics and Health in the Developing World

Dhavendra Kumar, MD, FRCP, FACMG, is Professor, the University of Glamorgan, and Consultant in Clinical Genetics at the University Hospital of Wales, Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.

Contributors ; Part I: Genomics in Medicine and Health-General ; 1. Genes and Genomes in Health and Disease: An Introduction ; Dhavendra Kumar ; 2. The Human Variome Project and the Developing World ; Richard G.H. Cotton ; 3. Human Genomic Variation Initiatives in Emerging Economies and Developing Countries ; Beatrice Seguin, Billie-Jo Hardy, Peter A. Singer, and Abdallah S. Daar ; 4. The Genomic Map of Population Diversity in Asia ; Dhavendra Kumar ; 5. Ancestry, Disease and Variable Drug Response in the Genomic Era ; Charles Rotimi and Lynn Jorde ; 6. The Next Steps for Genomic Medicine: Challenges and Opportunities for the Developing World ; Billie-Jo Hardy, Beatrice Seguin, Federico Goodsaid, Gerardo Jimenez-Sanchez, Peter A. Singer, and Abdallah S. Daar ; 7. Consumer Perspectives on Genomics and Healthcare ; Alastair Kent ; 8. Transcultural Perspectives on Genetics and Genomics ; Dhavendra Kumar ; 9. Medical Genetics and Genomics Research in the Muslim World ; Aida I. Al-Aqeel ; 10. The Progress of Genomics in the Developing World: Rising Social, Economic, and Ethical Concerns ; Minakshi Bhardwaj ; 11. Genetic Outcomes of Consanguineous Marriages ; Alan H. Bittles and Michael L. Black ; 12. Autosomal Recessive Conditions and Autozygosity Mapping ; Colin A. Johnson and Eamonn R. Maher ; 13. Genetic Contribution to Malaria Susceptibility and Resistance ; Susana G. Campino and Taane G. Clark ; 14. Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Genetics, Pharmacogenetics, and Malaria Selection ; Lucio Luzzatto ; 15. Infections, Genomics, and Global Public Health ; Tikki Pang ; 16. Microbial Genomics and Global Health ; Rino Rappuoli ; 17. Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics in the Developing World ; Warren E. Hochfeld, Sahle M. Asfaha, Marco Alessandrini, Tyren M. Dodgen, Renier Myburgh, Arinda Eloff, and Michael S. Pepper ; 18. Nutrigenomic Research in World Populations ; Jim Kaput ; 19. Transgenic Foods and Nutritional Health in Developing Countries ; Dhavendra Kumar and Joel Cohen ; 20. The Burden of Inherited Disease in the Developing World: The Example of Inherited Blood Diseases ; David J. Weatherall ; 21. Health Implications of Inherited Disorders of Iron Overload ; Chun Yo Lok, Alison T. Merryweather-Clarke, and Kathryn J.H. Robson ; 22. Inherited Factors in Diabetes Mellitus and Related Metabolic Disorders in the Developing World ; Dwaipayan Bharadwaj, Nikhil Tandon, and Anubha Mahajan ; 23. Global Health Implications of Genetic Studies of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes ; Jessica Buxton, Julia El-Sayed Moustafa, Haya Al-Saud, and Alexandra Blakemore ; 24. Health Implications of Familial Hyperlipidemia ; Deepak Bhatnagar ; 25. Global Health Implications of Inherited Renal Diseases ; Wendy Jones and Anand Saggar ; 26. The Burden of Congenital Anomalies on Global Health ; Dhavendra Kumar ; 27. Inherited Eye Diseases in Developing Countries ; Tiziana Cogliati, James Friedman, Norimoto Gotoh, Neeraj Agarwal, and Anand Swaroop ; 28. Principles and Practice of Newborn Screening-The Lessons from the Developed World ; Rodney J. Pollitt ; 29. Diagnostic Laboratory Genetic Testing - Models for the Developing World ; Peter Lunt ; 30. Ethical Issues Arising in Medical Genetics in Developing Countries ; Angus Clarke ; 31. Genetic and Genomics Services in Emerging Economies of the Developing World ; Robert George Elles ; Part II: Genomics in Medicine and Health-Regional ; Africa ; 32. Anthropology and Population Heterogeneity in North Africa ; Rym Kefi ; 33. The Genetic Landscape of Sub-Saharan African Populations ; Himla Soodyall and Carina M. Schlebusch ; 34. Genetic Disorders in North African Populations ; Romdhane Lilia and Abdelhak Sonia ; 35. Genetic Neurological Diseases in Tunisia ; Neziha Gouider-Khouja and Ibtihel Rebai ; 36. Hemoglobinopathies in Africa ; Ambroise Wonkam and Amanda Krause ; 37. The Burden of Birth Defects and Genetic Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa ; Ambroise Wonkam ; 38. Genetic Epidemiology of South Atlantic Oceanic Islands ; Peter Beighton ; 39. Genetic Disorders in Minority Groups in South Africa ; Peter Beighton ; 40. Hereditary Deafness in Southern Africa ; Peter Beighton and Sean Sellars ; 41. Heritable Disorders of the Skeleton in South Africa ; Peter Beighton ; 42. Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue in South Africa ; Peter Beighton ; 43. Genetic Perspectives of Tuberculosis in Southern Africa ; Erika de Wit, Marlo Moller, and Eileen Hoal ; 44. Familial Cancer Syndromes in Africa ; Yonglan Zheng, Toshio F. Yoshimatsu, and Olufunmilayo I. Olopade ; 45. Genetic Counseling in South Africa ; Jacquie Greenberg, Jennifer Kromberg, Kelly Loggenberg, and Tina-Marie Wessels ; 46. Prenatal Diagnostic Services and Prevention of Birth Defects in South Africa ; Michael Urban and Lut Geerts ; 47. Sociocultural Perspectives of Inherited Diseases in Southern Africa ; Claire Penn and Jennifer Watermeyer ; 48. Ethical, Legal, and SocioCultural Issues and Genetic Services in Southern Africa ; Jennifer G.R. Kromberg and Trefor Jenkins ; 49. The Genomic Research and Health Applications in South Africa ; Billie-Jo Hardy, Beatrice Seguin, Raj Ramesar, Peter A. Singer and Abdallah S. Daar ; Arab and Middle East ; 50. Hereditary Disorders in Arabs ; Ghazi Omar Tadmouri and Mahmoud Taleb Al Ali ; 51. Community Health Implications of Consanguinity in Arab Populations ; Ghazi O. Tadmouri, Pratibha Nair, Tasneem Obeid, and Hanan Hamamy ; 52. Clinical Dysmorphology in the Arab World ; Lihadh Al-Gazali and Hanan Hamamy ; 53. The Population Genetics and Hereditary Diseases of Bahrain ; Shaikha Salim Al-Arrayed ; 54. Genetic Diseases in the Sultanate of Oman ; Anna Rajab and Michael A.Patton ; 55. Genetic Disorders in Lebanon: Challenges and Opportunities ; Issam I. Khneisser, Salim. M. Adib, and Andre Megarbane ; 56. Genetic Disease in Palestine and Palestinians ; Bassam Abu-Libdeh, Peter D. Turnpenny, and Ahmed Teebi ; 57. Genetic Skin Diseases in the Arab World ; Mourad Mokni, Cherine Charfeddine, and Sonia Abdelhak ; 58. Hereditary Diseases of the Nervous System in Arabs ; Nisrine Bissar-Tadmouri, Mohamad Al-Homssi, and Pratiba Nair ; 59. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis in Saudi Arabia ; Serdar Coskun, Wafa Qubbaj, and Aida I. Al-Aqeel ; Asia-Pacific ; 60. Genomics for Universal Healthcare in Thailand ; Beatrice Seguin, Billie-Jo Hardy, Peter A. Singer, and Abdallah S. Daar ; 61. Screening Newborns in the Asia-Pacific Region ; Carmencita D. Padilla and Bradford L. Therrell ; 62. Clinical Dysmorphology and Birth Defects Registry in the Asia-Pacific Region ; Meow Keong Thong ; 63. Prevention and Control of Thalassemia in Thailand ; Chanane Wanapirak, Jintana Pattanapongthorn, Pranee Winichagoon, and Suthat Fucharoen ; 64. Inherited Metabolic Disorders in Thailand and the Asia-Pacific ; Pornswan Wasant ; 65. Genetic Skeletal Dysplasias in Thailand ; Pornswan Wasant ; 66. Medical Genetic Services in the Philippines ; Carmencita Padilla, Eva Maria Cutiongco-de la Paz, and Catherine Lynn Silao ; Chinese Subcontinent ; 67. Community and Public Health Genetics in China ; Manshu Song, Youxin Wang, Lijuan Wu, Yun Wang, and Wei Wang ; 68. Genetic Epidemiology in China ; Peng-Gao Li, Yan He and Wei Wang ; 69. Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Area of Genomics ; Hong-Min Yun, Manshu Song, and Wei Wang ; 70. Inherited Factors in Cardiovascular Disease in China ; Ling Zhang Ying Dai, and Wei Wang ; 71. Familial and Genetic Cancer in China ; Fen Liu and Wei Wang ; 72. Genomic Medicine in Taiwan: Research and Developments ; Ming Ta Michael Lee, Chien-Hsiun Chen, and Yuan-Tsong Chen ; Indian Subcontinent ; 73. The Indian Subcontinent and its People ; Dhavendra Kumar ; 74. Genomic Perspectives of Peopling and Languages of the Indian Subcontinent ; Ganesh Prasad Arunkumar, Varatharajan Santhakumari Arun, Adhikarla Syama, Valampuri John Mary Selvam Kavitha, and Ramasamy M. Pitchappan ; 75. Genomic Diversity of HLA in the Indian Subcontinent ; Narinder K. Mehra and Gurvinder Kaur ; 76. Genomic Applications in Medicine and Health in India ; Billie-Jo Hardy, Beatrice Seguin, Peter A. Singer, Mitali Mukerji, Samir K. Brahmachari and Abdallah S. Daar ; 77. Epidemiology of Genetic Diseases in the Indian Subcontinent ; Ishwar C. Verma and Dhavendra Kumar ; 78. Genetic Services in India: A Model for Developing Countries ; Ratna D. Puri and Ishwar C. Verma ; 79. The Practice of Genetic Counseling in India ; Meenakshi Bhatt ; 80. Social and Cultural Aspects of Customary Consanguineous Marriages in South Asia ; Rafat Hussain ; 81. Medical Genetics and Genomics in Sri Lanka ; Vajira H.W. Dissanayake ; 82. Inherited Factors in Obstructive Lung Diseases in India ; Amrendra Kumar Gupta, Balaram Ghosh, and Anurag Agrawal ; 83. Inherited Metabolic Disease in India ; Bal N. Apte ; 84. Genetic Variation and Genetic Epidemiology of Sri Lanka ; Deepthi C. de Silva ; 85. Familial Cancer and Cancer Genetics in the Indian Subcontinent ; Dhavendra Kumar ; 86. Inherited Disorders of the Eye in the Indian Subcontinent ; Govindasamy Kumaramanickavel ; 87. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in India ; Radha Venkatesan, Kanthimathi Sekar and Viswanathan Mohan ; 88. Hereditary Spinocerebellar Ataxias in India ; Mohammed Faruq, Uma Mittal, Achal K. Srivastava, and Mitali Mukerji ; 89. Malformation Syndromes in India ; Shubha Phadke ; 90. Thalassemias and Abnormal Hemoglobins of the Indian Subcontinent ; John Old ; 91. The Management of Inherited Blood Diseases in the Indian Subcontinent ; Reena Das ; 92. Conventional and Molecular Cytogenetics in India ; Prochi F. Madon ; 93. Genetic Studies of Parkinson's Disease in India ; Jharna Ray ; 94. The Genetic Basis of Alcoholism in India ; Meera Vasani ; 95. The Genetics of Autism in India ; G.K. Chetan, K.R. Manjunatha, Sam Balu, H.N. Venkatesh, and S.C. Grimaji ; 96. The Genetics of Leprosy in India ; Mariakuttikan Jayalakshmi, Narayanan Kalyanaraman, and Ramasamy Pitchappan ; 97. The Current Status of Medical Genetics in India ; Neerja Gupta and Madhulika Kabra ; 98. The Indian Landscape of Human/Medical Genetics Research and Service ; Swati Naik, Arvind Rup Singh, and Jai Rup Singh ; Latin America and the Caribbean ; 99. Design and Implementation of a Platform for Genomic Medicine in Mexico ; Gerardo Jimenez-Sanchez, Julio Frenk, and Guillermo Soberon ; 100. Anthropological and Medical Implications of Genetic Admixture in the Mexican Mestizo Population ; Ricardo M. Cerda-Flores and Augusto Rojas-Martinez ; 101. Medical and Human Genetics in Ecuador ; Cesar Paz-y-Mino ; 102. The Brazilian Ancestrome ; Sergio D.J. Pena ; 103. The Practice of Medical Genetics in Brazil ; Dafne Dain Gandelman Horovitz, Antonia Paula Marques-de-Faria, and Victor Evangelista de Faria Ferraz ; 104. Population Medical Genetics in Brazil ; Lavinia Schuller-Faccini and Roberto Giugliani ; 105. Medical Genetic Services in Latin America: Focus in Argentina ; Victor B. Penchaszadeh ; 106. Hereditary Ataxias in Cuba ; Luis Velazquez-Perez, Jose Miguel Laffita-Mesa, and Roberto Rodriguez-Labrada ; 107. Latin American School of Human and Medical Genetics and Latin American Network of Human Genetics: promoting education, interaction and networking across Latin America ; Roberto Giugliani, Guilherme Baldo, and Ursula Matte ; Russia, Central Asia, and Europe ; 108. Genetic Legacy of Populations in Eurasia ; I.A. Kutuev, B.B. Yunusbayev, and E.K. Khusnutdinova ; 109. MtDNA and Y-chromosomal Variation in Populations of Sakha (Yakutia) ; Sardana A. Fedorova, Elza K. Khusnutdinova, and Richard Villems ; 110. Epidemiology of Hereditary Diseases in the European Sector of Russia ; E.K. Ginter and R.A. Zinchenko ; 111. Hereditary Diseases among the Yakuts ; Nadezda R. Maksimova and Anna N. Nogovitsina ; 112. Hereditary Diseases in Siberian Populations ; Ludmila P. Nazarenko and V.P. Puzyrev ; 113. Hereditary Diseases in the Volga-Ural Region of Russia ; Irina M. Khidiyatova, Irina R. Gilyazova, Vita L. Akhmetova and Elza K. Khusnutdinova ; 114. Inherited Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Russia ; D. Gaysina, A. Zainullina, and E. Khusnutdinova ; 115. Genetic and Genomic Perspectives of Medical and Health Education in Hungary ; Bela Melegh ; 116. Human and Medical Genetics in Hungary ; Bela Melegh ; 117. The Genetics of Alcohol Dependence in Russia ; A. Kazantseva, G. Faskhutdinova, and E. Khusnutdinova ; 118. Medical Genetics Teaching and Training in Russia ; S.I. Kozlova and E.K. Ginter ; 119. Ethical and Legal Aspects of Medical Genetics in Russia ; V.L. Izhevskaya and V.I. Ivanov ; 120. Bioethical Aspects of Genetics and Genomics in Yakut (Siberia) ; S.K. Kononova, S.A. Fedorova, and E. Khusnutdinova ; 121. Inherited Metabolic Diseases among Migrant Ethnic Populations in the United Kingdom ; Anupam Chakrapani and Maureen Cleary ; 122. Views of Inherited illness among British Pakistani Users of Genetic Services ; Alison Shaw and Jane Hurst ; 123. Social, Cultural, and Religious Issues Related to Genetic Diseases among the Bangladeshis in the UK ; Santi Rozario and Sophie Gilliat-Ray