Toxic Plants of North America

George E. Burrows, DVM, PhD, is emeritus professor of toxicology and former adjunct toxicologist in the Animal Diagnostic Laboratory of the Oklahoma State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Stillwater. The author of numerous journal articles on the identification of plant toxicants and their mechanisms of action, he has also served as an associate editor for Veterinary & Human Toxicology, coordinating a feature page, "Poisonous Plant Cases." Ronald J. Tyrl, PhD, is emeritus professor of botany and former curator of the herbarium at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater. He is the coordinating editor of the Flora of Oklahoma Project and has authored numerous technical articles and books on the identification and classification of flowering plants.

1 Introduction 3

2 Adoxaceae 11

3 Agavaceae 15

4 Aloaceae 24

5 Amaranthaceae 28

6 Anacardiaceae 35

7 Annonaceae 50

8 Apiaceae 53

9 Apocynaceae 81

10 Aquifoliaceae 127

11 Araceae 131

12 Araliaceae 145

13 Asteraceae 150

14 Berberidaceae 257

15 Boraginaceae 266

16 Brassicaceae 282

17 Calycanthaceae 308

18 Campanulaceae 311

19 Cannabaceae 315

20 Caprifoliaceae 319

21 Caryophyllaceae 323

22 Celastraceae 333

23 Chenopodiaceae 338

24 Convolvulaceae 365

25 Coriariaceae 376

26 Crassulaceae 380

27 Cucurbitaceae 387

28 Cupressaceae 395

29 Cycadaceae 402

30 Dennstaedtiaceae 410

31 Ebenaceae 423

32 Equisetaceae 430

33 Ericaceae 434

34 Euphorbiaceae 450

35 Fabaceae 491

36 Fagaceae 675

37 Fumariaceae 690

38 Gelsemiaceae 700

39 Ginkgoaceae 705

40 Hypericaceae 710

41 Iridaceae 717

42 Juglandaceae 722

43 Juncaginaceae 727

44 Lamiaceae 731

45 Lauraceae 743

46 Liliaceae 751

47 Linaceae 808

48 Malvaceae 812

49 Meliaceae 825

50 Nitrariaceae 830

51 Oleaceae 836

52 Oxalidaceae 840

53 Papaveraceae 844

54 Phyllanthaceae 860

55 Phytolaccaceae 864

56 Pinaceae 870

57 Plantaginaceae 878

58 Poaceae 888

59 Polygonaceae 998

60 Primulaceae 1010

61 Pteridaceae 1017

62 Ranunculaceae 1022

63 Rhamnaceae 1055

64 Rosaceae 1064

65 Rubiaceae 1095

66 Rutaceae 1100

67 Sapindaceae 1110

68 Scrophulariaceae 1125

69 Solanaceae 1130

70 Taxaceae 1177

71 Thymelaeaceae 1186

72 Urticaceae 1192

73 Verbenaceae 1198

74 Viscaceae 1209

75 Zamiaceae 1215

76 Zygophyllaceae 1221

77 Families with Species of Questionable Toxicity or Significance 1234

78 Identification of Toxic Plants 1280

Appendix A. Plant Taxa Listed by Their Principal Adverse Effects and Main Organs Affected 1285

Appendix B. Plants of Concern for Dogs, Cats, and Other Pets 1288

Glossary 1289

Index 1308