Recoding: Expansion of Decoding Rules Enriches Gene Expression

Redefinition.- Selenocysteine Biosynthesis, Selenoproteins, and Selenoproteomes.- Reprogramming the Ribosome for Selenoprotein Expression: RNA Elements and Protein Factors.- Translation of UAG as Pyrrolysine.- Specification of Standard Amino Acids by Stop Codons.- Ribosome “Skipping”: “Stop-Carry On” or “StopGo” Translation.- Recoding Therapies for Genetic Diseases.- Frameshifting – Redirection of Linear Readout.- Pseudoknot-Dependent Programmed —1 Ribosomal Frameshifting: Structures, Mechanisms and Models.- Programmed —1 Ribosomal Frameshift in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus of Type 1.- Ribosomal Frameshifting in Decoding Plant Viral RNAs.- Programmed Frameshifting in Budding Yeast.- Recoding in Bacteriophages.- Programmed Ribosomal ?1 Frameshifting as a Tradition: The Bacterial Transposable Elements of the IS3 Family.- Autoregulatory Frameshifting in Antizyme Gene Expression Governs Polyamine Levels from Yeast to Mammals.- Sequences Promoting Recoding Are Singular Genomic Elements.- Mutants That Affect Recoding.- The E Site and Its Importance for Improving Accuracy and Preventing Frameshifts.- Discontiguity.- Translational Bypassing – Peptidyl-tRNA Re-pairing at Non-overlapping Sites.- trans-Translation.- Transcription Slippage.- Transcript Slippage and Recoding.- Computational Resources for Studying Recoding.